__debugbreak was introduced in Microsoft Visual Studio 2003

include/SDL3/SDL_assert.h

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ extern "C" {
  */
 #define SDL_TriggerBreakpoint() TriggerABreakpointInAPlatformSpecificManner
 
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1310
     /* Don't include intrin.h here because it contains C++ code */
     extern void __cdecl __debugbreak(void);
     #define SDL_TriggerBreakpoint() __debugbreak()