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+---
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+icon: code
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+label: 'Execute Python code'
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+order: 93
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+---
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+
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+Once you have a `VM` instance, you can execute python code by calling `exec` method.
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+
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+### `PyObject* exec(Str source, Str filename, CompileMode mode, PyObject* _module=nullptr)`
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+
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++ `source`, the python source code to be executed
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++ `filename`, the filename of the source code. This is used for error reporting
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++ `mode`, the compile mode. See below for details
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++ `module`, the module to be executed. If `nullptr`, the code will be executed in the `__main__` module
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+
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+`exec` handles possible exceptions and returns a `PyObject*`.
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+If the execution is not successful, e.g. a syntax error or a runtime exception,
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+the return value will be `nullptr`.
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+
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+#### Compile mode
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+
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+The `mode` parameter controls how the source code is compiled. There are 4 possible values:
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++ `EXEC_MODE`, this is the default mode. Just do normal execution.
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++ `EVAL_MODE`, this mode is used for evaluating a single expression. The `source` should be a single expression. It cannot contain any statements.
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++ `REPL_MODE`, this mode is used for REPL. It is similar to `EXEC_MODE`, but generates `PRINT_EXPR` bytecode for global expressions.
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++ `JSON_MODE`, this mode is used for JSON parsing. It is similar to `EVAL_MODE`, but uses a lexing rule designed for JSON. For example, `true` will be parsed as `True`.
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+
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+
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+### Fine-grained execution
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+
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+In some cases, you may want to execute python code in a more fine-grained way.
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+These two methods are provided for this purpose:
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+
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++ `CodeObject_ compile(Str source, Str filename, CompileMode mode, bool unknown_global_scope)`
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++ `PyObject* _exec(CodeObject_ co, PyObject* _module)`
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+
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+`compile` compiles the source code into a `CodeObject_` instance.
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+`_exec` executes the `CodeObject_` instance.
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+It does not handle exceptions, so you may need to use `try..catch` manually.
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