backup

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-name: build
-
-on:
-  push:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'web/**'
-      - '**.md'
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'web/**'
-      - '**.md'
-jobs:
-  build_win32_amalgamated:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        submodules: true
-    - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-    - name: Compile
-      shell: powershell
-      run: |
-        python amalgamate.py
-        cd amalgamated
-        cl.exe /std:c11 /utf-8 /Ox /I. pocketpy.c main.c /link /out:pkpy.exe
-  build_win32:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        submodules: true
-    - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-    - name: Compile
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p output/x86_64
-        python cmake_build.py
-        cp main.exe output/x86_64
-        cp pocketpy.dll output/x86_64
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: windows
-        path: output
-    - name: Unit Test
-      run: python scripts/run_tests.py
-    - name: Benchmark
-      run: python scripts/run_tests.py benchmark
-  build_linux:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        submodules: true
-    - name: Setup Clang
-      uses: egor-tensin/setup-clang@v1
-      with:
-        version: 15
-        platform: x64
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: sudo apt-get install -y libclang-rt-15-dev
-    - name: Unit Test with Coverage
-      run: bash run_tests.sh
-    - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
-      with:
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        directory: .coverage
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
-    - name: Compile and Test
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p output/x86_64
-        python cmake_build.py
-        python scripts/run_tests.py
-        cp main output/x86_64
-        cp libpocketpy.so output/x86_64
-      env:
-        CC: clang
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: linux
-        path: output
-    - name: Benchmark
-      run: python scripts/run_tests.py benchmark
-  build_linux_x86:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          submodules: true
-      - name: Setup Alpine Linux for aarch64
-        uses: jirutka/setup-alpine@v1
-        with:
-          arch: x86
-          packages: gcc g++ make cmake libc-dev linux-headers python3
-      - name: Build and Test
-        run: |
-          uname -m
-          python cmake_build.py
-          python scripts/run_tests.py
-          python scripts/run_tests.py benchmark
-        shell: alpine.sh --root {0}
-  build_darwin:
-      runs-on: macos-latest
-      steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          submodules: true
-      - name: Compile and Test
-        run: |
-          python cmake_build.py
-          python scripts/run_tests.py
-      - name: Benchmark
-        run: python scripts/run_tests.py benchmark
-      - name: Test Amalgamated Build
-        run: python amalgamate.py
-  build_android:
-      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-      steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          submodules: true
-      - uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
-        id: setup-ndk
-        with:
-          ndk-version: r23
-          local-cache: false
-          add-to-path: false
-      - name: Compile Shared Library
-        run: |
-          bash build_android.sh arm64-v8a
-          bash build_android.sh armeabi-v7a
-          bash build_android.sh x86_64
-
-          mkdir -p output/arm64-v8a
-          mkdir -p output/armeabi-v7a
-          mkdir -p output/x86_64
-
-          cp build/android/arm64-v8a/libpocketpy.so output/arm64-v8a
-          cp build/android/armeabi-v7a/libpocketpy.so output/armeabi-v7a
-          cp build/android/x86_64/libpocketpy.so output/x86_64
-        env:
-          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: android
-          path: output
-  build_ios:
-      runs-on: macos-latest
-      steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          submodules: true
-      - name: Compile Frameworks
-        run: |
-          git clone https://github.com/leetal/ios-cmake --depth 1 ~/ios-cmake
-          bash build_ios.sh
-          mkdir -p output
-          cp -r build/pocketpy.xcframework output/pocketpy.xcframework
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: ios
-          path: output
-
-  merge:
-      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-      needs: [ build_win32, build_linux, build_darwin, build_android, build_ios ]
-      steps:
-      - name: "Create output directory"
-        run: "mkdir $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output"
-        
-      - name: "Merge win32"
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
-        with:
-          name: windows
-          path: $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output/windows
-
-      - name: "Merge linux"
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
-        with:
-          name: linux
-          path: $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output/linux
-
-      # - name: "Merge darwin"
-      #   uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
-      #   with:
-      #     name: macos
-      #     path: $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output/macos
-
-      - name: "Merge android"
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
-        with:
-          name: android
-          path: $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output/android
-          
-      - name: "Merge ios"
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.1.7
-        with:
-          name: ios
-          path: $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output/ios
-
-      - name: "Upload merged artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.3
-        with:
-          name: all-in-one
-          path: $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/output

.github/workflows/pybind11.yml

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-name: PKBIND Build and Test
-
-on:
-  push:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "web/**"
-      - "**.md"
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "web/**"
-      - "**.md"
-
-jobs:
-  build_linux:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Set up GCC
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y gcc g++
-
-      - name: Set up CMake
-        uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.10
-
-      - name: Test
-        run: |
-          cd include/pybind11/tests
-          cmake -B build
-          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
-          ./build/PKBIND_TEST
-
-  build_win:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Set up MSVC
-        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-
-      - name: Set up CMake
-        uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.10
-
-      - name: Test
-        run: |
-          cd include\pybind11\tests
-          cmake -B build
-          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
-          build\Release\PKBIND_TEST.exe
-
-  build_mac:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Set up Clang
-        run: |
-          brew install llvm
-          echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
-          source ~/.zshrc
-
-      - name: Set up CMake
-        uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.10
-
-      - name: Test
-        run: |
-          cd include/pybind11/tests
-          cmake -B build -DENABLE_TEST=ON
-          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
-          ./build/PKBIND_TEST

.github/workflows/website.yml

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-name: website
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ main ]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [ main ]
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    ###################################################
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3.1.1
-    - name: Retype build
-      run: |
-        python scripts/gen_docs.py
-        cd docs
-        npm install retypeapp -g
-        retype build
-    ###################################################
-    - name: Setup emsdk
-      uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v12
-      with:
-        version: latest
-        actions-cache-folder: 'emsdk-cache'
-    - name: Compile
-      run: |
-        bash build_web.sh
-        mv web docs/.retype/static
-    ###################################################
-    - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-pages@v3
-      with:
-        target_branch: gh-pages
-        build_dir: docs/.retype
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'

include/pocketpy/interpreter/frame.h

@@ -31,28 +31,37 @@ void UnwindTarget__delete(UnwindTarget* self);
 
 typedef struct Frame {
     struct Frame* f_back;
-    const Bytecode* ip;
     const CodeObject* co;
+    py_StackRef p0;  // unwinding base
     py_GlobalRef module;
-    py_StackRef p0;      // unwinding base
-    py_StackRef locals;  // locals base
-    bool has_function;   // is p0 a function?
-    bool is_dynamic;     // is dynamic frame?
+    py_Ref globals;  // a module object or a dict object
+    py_Ref locals;   // locals base or a proxy object (such as dict)
+    bool is_p0_function;
+    bool is_locals_proxy;
+    int ip;
     UnwindTarget* uw_list;
 } Frame;
 
 Frame* Frame__new(const CodeObject* co,
-                  py_GlobalRef module,
                   py_StackRef p0,
-                  py_StackRef locals,
-                  bool has_function);
+                  py_GlobalRef module,
+                  py_Ref globals,
+                  py_Ref locals,
+                  bool is_p0_function,
+                  bool is_locals_proxy);
 void Frame__delete(Frame* self);
 
-int Frame__ip(const Frame* self);
 int Frame__lineno(const Frame* self);
 int Frame__iblock(const Frame* self);
-py_TValue* Frame__f_locals_try_get(Frame* self, py_Name name);
-py_TValue* Frame__f_closure_try_get(Frame* self, py_Name name);
+
+int Frame__getglobal(Frame* self, py_Name name) PY_RAISE PY_RETURN;
+bool Frame__setglobal(Frame* self, py_Name name, py_TValue* val) PY_RAISE;
+int Frame__delglobal(Frame* self, py_Name name) PY_RAISE;
+
+py_Ref Frame__getclosure(Frame* self, py_Name name);
+
+py_StackRef Frame__getlocal_noproxy(Frame* self, py_Name name);
+
 
 int Frame__prepare_jump_exception_handler(Frame* self, ValueStack*);
 

include/pocketpy/objects/base.h

@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@ typedef struct py_TValue {
         PyObject* _obj;
         c11_vec2 _vec2;
         c11_vec2i _vec2i;
+        void* _ptr;
     };
 } py_TValue;

include/pocketpy/objects/codeobject.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ typedef enum FuncType {
 typedef enum NameScope {
     NAME_LOCAL,
     NAME_GLOBAL,
-    NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN,
 } NameScope;
 
 typedef enum CodeBlockType {
@@ -128,11 +127,12 @@ void FuncDecl__gc_mark(const FuncDecl* self);
 // runtime function
 typedef struct Function {
     FuncDecl_ decl;
-    py_TValue module;      // weak ref
-    PyObject* clazz;       // weak ref
-    NameDict* closure;     // strong ref
-    py_CFunction cfunc;    // wrapped C function
+    py_GlobalRef module;    // maybe NULL, weak ref
+    py_Ref globals;         // maybe NULL, strong ref
+    NameDict* closure;      // maybe NULL, strong ref
+    PyObject* clazz;        // weak ref; for super()
+    py_CFunction cfunc;     // wrapped C function; for decl-based binding
 } Function;
 
-void Function__ctor(Function* self, FuncDecl_ decl, py_TValue* module);
+void Function__ctor(Function* self, FuncDecl_ decl, py_GlobalRef module, py_Ref globals);
 void Function__dtor(Function* self);

include/pocketpy/pocketpy.h

@@ -204,6 +204,8 @@ PK_API void py_newboundmethod(py_OutRef out, py_Ref self, py_Ref func);
 PK_API py_Name py_name(const char*);
 /// Convert a name to a null-terminated string.
 PK_API const char* py_name2str(py_Name);
+/// Convert a name to a python `str` object with cache.
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_name2ref(py_Name);
 /// Convert a `c11_sv` to a name.
 PK_API py_Name py_namev(c11_sv);
 /// Convert a name to a `c11_sv`.

pyrightconfig.json

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
     "reportMissingModuleSource": "none",
     "reportArgumentType": "none",
     "reportWildcardImportFromLibrary": "none",
+    "reportRedeclaration": "none",
     "pythonVersion": "3.12"
 }

src/common/strname.c

@@ -6,16 +6,19 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+typedef struct {
+    char* data;     // null-terminated data
+    int size;       // size of the data excluding the null-terminator
+    py_TValue* ref; // cached `str` object (lazy initialized)
+} RInternedEntry;
+
 // TODO: use a more efficient data structure
 static c11_smallmap_s2n _interned;
-static c11_vector /*T=char* */ _r_interned;
+static c11_vector /* T=RInternedEntry */ _r_interned;
 
 void py_Name__initialize() {
     c11_smallmap_s2n__ctor(&_interned);
-    for(int i = 0; i < _r_interned.length; i++) {
-        PK_FREE(c11__at(char*, &_r_interned, i));
-    }
-    c11_vector__ctor(&_r_interned, sizeof(c11_sv));
+    c11_vector__ctor(&_r_interned, sizeof(RInternedEntry));
 
 #define MAGIC_METHOD(x)                                                                            \
     if(x != py_name(#x)) abort();
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ void py_Name__initialize() {
 void py_Name__finalize() {
     // free all char*
     for(int i = 0; i < _r_interned.length; i++) {
-        PK_FREE(c11__getitem(char*, &_r_interned, i));
+        PK_FREE(c11__getitem(RInternedEntry, &_r_interned, i).data);
     }
     c11_smallmap_s2n__dtor(&_interned);
     c11_vector__dtor(&_r_interned);
@@ -35,7 +38,6 @@ void py_Name__finalize() {
 py_Name py_name(const char* name) { return py_namev((c11_sv){name, strlen(name)}); }
 
 py_Name py_namev(c11_sv name) {
-    // TODO: PK_GLOBAL_SCOPE_LOCK()
     uint16_t index = c11_smallmap_s2n__get(&_interned, name, 0);
     if(index != 0) return index;
     // generate new index
@@ -44,7 +46,11 @@ py_Name py_namev(c11_sv name) {
     char* p = PK_MALLOC(name.size + 1);
     memcpy(p, name.data, name.size);
     p[name.size] = '\0';
-    c11_vector__push(char*, &_r_interned, p);
+    RInternedEntry entry;
+    entry.data = p;
+    entry.size = name.size;
+    entry.ref = NULL;
+    c11_vector__push(RInternedEntry, &_r_interned, entry);
     index = _r_interned.length;  // 1-based
     // save to _interned
     c11_smallmap_s2n__set(&_interned, (c11_sv){p, name.size}, index);
@@ -54,11 +60,24 @@ py_Name py_namev(c11_sv name) {
 
 const char* py_name2str(py_Name index) {
     assert(index > 0 && index <= _interned.length);
-    return c11__getitem(char*, &_r_interned, index - 1);
+    return c11__getitem(RInternedEntry, &_r_interned, index - 1).data;
 }
 
 c11_sv py_name2sv(py_Name index) {
     assert(index > 0 && index <= _interned.length);
-    const char* p = py_name2str(index);
-    return (c11_sv){p, strlen(p)};
+    RInternedEntry entry = c11__getitem(RInternedEntry, &_r_interned, index - 1);
+    return (c11_sv){entry.data, entry.size};
+}
+
+py_GlobalRef py_name2ref(py_Name index) {
+    assert(index > 0 && index <= _interned.length);
+    RInternedEntry entry = c11__getitem(RInternedEntry, &_r_interned, index - 1);
+    if(entry.ref == NULL){
+        entry.ref = PK_MALLOC(16);  // ...
+        c11_sv sv;
+        sv.data = entry.data;
+        sv.size = entry.size;
+        py_newstrv(entry.ref, sv);
+    }
+    return entry.ref;
 }

src/compiler/compiler.c

@@ -102,17 +102,22 @@ void NameExpr__emit_(Expr* self_, Ctx* ctx) {
     NameExpr* self = (NameExpr*)self_;
     int index = c11_smallmap_n2i__get(&ctx->co->varnames_inv, self->name, -1);
     if(self->scope == NAME_LOCAL && index >= 0) {
+        // we know this is a local variable
         Ctx__emit_(ctx, OP_LOAD_FAST, index, self->line);
     } else {
-        Opcode op = ctx->level <= 1 ? OP_LOAD_GLOBAL : OP_LOAD_NONLOCAL;
-        if(ctx->is_compiling_class && self->scope == NAME_GLOBAL) {
-            // if we are compiling a class, we should use OP_LOAD_ATTR_GLOBAL instead of
-            // OP_LOAD_GLOBAL this supports @property.setter
-            op = OP_LOAD_CLASS_GLOBAL;
-            // exec()/eval() won't work with OP_LOAD_ATTR_GLOBAL in class body
+        Opcode op;
+        // otherwise, if we are running dynamically, force `OP_LOAD_NAME`
+        if(ctx->co->src->is_dynamic) {
+            op = OP_LOAD_NAME;
+            // `OP_LOAD_NAME` won't handle `OP_LOAD_CLASS_GLOBAL`
+            // so `exec()` will raise an error for @property.setter
         } else {
-            // we cannot determine the scope when calling exec()/eval()
-            if(self->scope == NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN) op = OP_LOAD_NAME;
+            op = ctx->level <= 1 ? OP_LOAD_GLOBAL : OP_LOAD_NONLOCAL;
+            if(ctx->is_compiling_class && self->scope == NAME_GLOBAL) {
+                // if we are compiling a class, we should use `OP_LOAD_CLASS_GLOBAL`
+                // this is for @property.setter
+                op = OP_LOAD_CLASS_GLOBAL;
+            }
         }
         Ctx__emit_(ctx, op, self->name, self->line);
     }
@@ -124,8 +129,11 @@ bool NameExpr__emit_del(Expr* self_, Ctx* ctx) {
         case NAME_LOCAL:
             Ctx__emit_(ctx, OP_DELETE_FAST, Ctx__add_varname(ctx, self->name), self->line);
             break;
-        case NAME_GLOBAL: Ctx__emit_(ctx, OP_DELETE_GLOBAL, self->name, self->line); break;
-        case NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN: Ctx__emit_(ctx, OP_DELETE_NAME, self->name, self->line); break;
+        case NAME_GLOBAL: {
+            Opcode op = ctx->co->src->is_dynamic ? OP_DELETE_NAME : OP_DELETE_GLOBAL;
+            Ctx__emit_(ctx, op, self->name, self->line);
+            break;
+        }
         default: c11__unreachable();
     }
     return true;
@@ -1219,8 +1227,10 @@ static int Ctx__add_const(Ctx* self, py_Ref v) {
 static void Ctx__emit_store_name(Ctx* self, NameScope scope, py_Name name, int line) {
     switch(scope) {
         case NAME_LOCAL: Ctx__emit_(self, OP_STORE_FAST, Ctx__add_varname(self, name), line); break;
-        case NAME_GLOBAL: Ctx__emit_(self, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, name, line); break;
-        case NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN: Ctx__emit_(self, OP_STORE_NAME, name, line); break;
+        case NAME_GLOBAL: {
+            Opcode op = self->co->src->is_dynamic ? OP_STORE_NAME : OP_STORE_GLOBAL;
+            Ctx__emit_(self, op, name, line);
+        } break;
         default: c11__unreachable();
     }
 }
@@ -1331,9 +1341,7 @@ static void Compiler__dtor(Compiler* self) {
     if((err = B)) return err
 
 static NameScope name_scope(Compiler* self) {
-    NameScope s = self->contexts.length > 1 ? NAME_LOCAL : NAME_GLOBAL;
-    if(self->src->is_dynamic && s == NAME_GLOBAL) s = NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN;
-    return s;
+    return self->contexts.length > 1 ? NAME_LOCAL : NAME_GLOBAL;
 }
 
 Error* SyntaxError(Compiler* self, const char* fmt, ...) {
@@ -1720,7 +1728,7 @@ static Error* exprName(Compiler* self) {
     NameScope scope = name_scope(self);
     // promote this name to global scope if needed
     if(c11_smallmap_n2i__contains(&ctx()->global_names, name)) {
-        if(scope == NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN) return SyntaxError(self, "cannot use global keyword here");
+        if(self->src->is_dynamic) return SyntaxError(self, "cannot use global keyword here");
         scope = NAME_GLOBAL;
     }
     NameExpr* e = NameExpr__new(prev()->line, name, scope);

src/interpreter/ceval.c

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static bool stack_format_object(VM* self, c11_sv spec);
     } while(0)
 #define DISPATCH_JUMP_ABSOLUTE(__target)                                                           \
     do {                                                                                           \
-        frame->ip = c11__at(Bytecode, &frame->co->codes, __target);                                \
+        frame->ip = __target;                                                                      \
         goto __NEXT_STEP;                                                                          \
     } while(0)
 
@@ -86,15 +86,18 @@ static bool unpack_dict_to_buffer(py_Ref key, py_Ref val, void* ctx) {
 
 FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
     Frame* frame = self->top_frame;
+    Bytecode* codes;
+
     const Frame* base_frame = frame;
 
     while(true) {
         Bytecode byte;
     __NEXT_FRAME:
+        codes = frame->co->codes.data;
         frame->ip++;
 
     __NEXT_STEP:
-        byte = *frame->ip;
+        byte = codes[frame->ip];
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         pk_print_stack(self, frame, byte);
@@ -176,7 +179,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                 CHECK_STACK_OVERFLOW();
                 FuncDecl_ decl = c11__getitem(FuncDecl_, &frame->co->func_decls, byte.arg);
                 Function* ud = py_newobject(SP(), tp_function, 0, sizeof(Function));
-                Function__ctor(ud, decl, frame->module);
+                Function__ctor(ud, decl, frame->module, frame->globals);
                 if(decl->nested) {
                     ud->closure = FastLocals__to_namedict(frame->locals, frame->co);
                     py_Name name = py_name(decl->code.name->data);
@@ -200,10 +203,10 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                 DISPATCH();
             }
             case OP_LOAD_NAME: {
-                assert(frame->is_dynamic);
+                // assert(frame->is_dynamic);
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
                 py_TValue* tmp;
-                py_newstr(SP()++, py_name2str(name));
+                py_assign(SP()++, py_name2ref(name));
                 // locals
                 if(!py_isnone(&frame->p0[1])) {
                     if(py_getitem(&frame->p0[1], TOP())) {
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                // `LOAD_
                 // globals
                 if(py_getitem(&frame->p0[0], TOP())) {
                     py_assign(TOP(), py_retval());
@@ -239,16 +243,18 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
             }
             case OP_LOAD_NONLOCAL: {
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
-                py_Ref tmp = Frame__f_closure_try_get(frame, name);
+                py_Ref tmp = Frame__getclosure(frame, name);
                 if(tmp != NULL) {
                     PUSH(tmp);
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
-                tmp = py_getdict(frame->module, name);
-                if(tmp != NULL) {
-                    PUSH(tmp);
+                int res = Frame__getglobal(frame, name);
+                if(res == 1) {
+                    PUSH(&self->last_retval);
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
+                if(res == -1) goto __ERROR;
+
                 tmp = py_getdict(&self->builtins, name);
                 if(tmp != NULL) {
                     PUSH(tmp);
@@ -259,12 +265,13 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
             }
             case OP_LOAD_GLOBAL: {
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
-                py_Ref tmp = py_getdict(frame->module, name);
-                if(tmp != NULL) {
-                    PUSH(tmp);
+                int res = Frame__getglobal(frame, name);
+                if(res == 1) {
+                    PUSH(&self->last_retval);
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
-                tmp = py_getdict(&self->builtins, name);
+                if(res == -1) goto __ERROR;
+                py_Ref tmp = py_getdict(&self->builtins, name);
                 if(tmp != NULL) {
                     PUSH(tmp);
                     DISPATCH();
@@ -289,11 +296,12 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
                 // load global if attribute not found
-                tmp = py_getdict(frame->module, name);
-                if(tmp) {
-                    PUSH(tmp);
+                int res = Frame__getglobal(frame, name);
+                if(res == 1) {
+                    PUSH(&self->last_retval);
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
+                if(res == -1) goto __ERROR;
                 tmp = py_getdict(&self->builtins, name);
                 if(tmp) {
                     PUSH(tmp);
@@ -337,9 +345,9 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
             }
             case OP_STORE_FAST: frame->locals[byte.arg] = POPX(); DISPATCH();
             case OP_STORE_NAME: {
-                assert(frame->is_dynamic);
+                // assert(frame->is_dynamic);
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
-                py_newstr(SP()++, py_name2str(name));
+                py_assign(SP()++, py_name2ref(name));
                 // [value, name]
                 if(!py_isnone(&frame->p0[1])) {
                     // locals
@@ -369,7 +377,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                 DISPATCH();
             }
             case OP_STORE_GLOBAL: {
-                py_setdict(frame->module, byte.arg, TOP());
+                if(!Frame__setglobal(frame, byte.arg, TOP())) goto __ERROR;
                 POP();
                 DISPATCH();
             }
@@ -407,9 +415,9 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                 DISPATCH();
             }
             case OP_DELETE_NAME: {
-                assert(frame->is_dynamic);
+                // assert(frame->is_dynamic);
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
-                py_newstr(SP()++, py_name2str(name));
+                py_assign(SP()++, py_name2ref(name));
                 if(!py_isnone(&frame->p0[1])) {
                     // locals
                     if(py_delitem(&frame->p0[1], TOP())) {
@@ -439,12 +447,12 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
             }
             case OP_DELETE_GLOBAL: {
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
-                bool ok = py_deldict(frame->module, name);
-                if(!ok) {
-                    NameError(name);
-                    goto __ERROR;
-                }
-                DISPATCH();
+                int res = Frame__delglobal(frame, name);
+                if(res == 1) DISPATCH();
+                if(res == -1) goto __ERROR;
+                // res == 0
+                NameError(name);
+                goto __ERROR;
             }
 
             case OP_DELETE_ATTR: {
@@ -860,7 +868,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                             ImportError("cannot import name '%n'", name);
                             goto __ERROR;
                         } else {
-                            py_setdict(frame->module, name, value);
+                            if(!Frame__setglobal(frame, name, value)) goto __ERROR;
                         }
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -869,7 +877,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                         if(!kv->key) continue;
                         c11_sv name = py_name2sv(kv->key);
                         if(name.size == 0 || name.data[0] == '_') continue;
-                        py_setdict(frame->module, kv->key, &kv->value);
+                        if(!Frame__setglobal(frame, kv->key, &kv->value)) goto __ERROR;
                     }
                 }
                 POP();
@@ -998,8 +1006,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
             case OP_END_CLASS: {
                 // [cls or decorated]
                 py_Name name = byte.arg;
-                // set into f_globals
-                py_setdict(frame->module, name, TOP());
+                if(!Frame__setglobal(frame, name, TOP())) goto __ERROR;
 
                 if(py_istype(TOP(), tp_type)) {
                     // call on_end_subclass
@@ -1166,7 +1173,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
         py_BaseException__stpush(&self->curr_exception,
                                  frame->co->src,
                                  Frame__lineno(frame),
-                                 frame->has_function ? frame->co->name->data : NULL);
+                                 frame->is_p0_function ? frame->co->name->data : NULL);
     __ERROR_RE_RAISE:
         do {
         } while(0);
@@ -1183,6 +1190,7 @@ FrameResult VM__run_top_frame(VM* self) {
                 return RES_ERROR;
             }
             frame = self->top_frame;
+            codes = frame->co->codes.data;
             goto __ERROR;
         }
     }

src/interpreter/frame.c

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ NameDict* FastLocals__to_namedict(py_TValue* locals, const CodeObject* co) {
     NameDict* dict = NameDict__new();
     c11__foreach(c11_smallmap_n2i_KV, &co->varnames_inv, entry) {
         py_TValue value = locals[entry->value];
-        if(!py_isnil(&value)) { NameDict__set(dict, entry->key, value); }
+        if(!py_isnil(&value)) NameDict__set(dict, entry->key, value);
     }
     return dict;
 }
@@ -39,19 +39,23 @@ UnwindTarget* UnwindTarget__new(UnwindTarget* next, int iblock, int offset) {
 void UnwindTarget__delete(UnwindTarget* self) { PK_FREE(self); }
 
 Frame* Frame__new(const CodeObject* co,
-                  py_GlobalRef module,
                   py_StackRef p0,
-                  py_StackRef locals,
-                  bool has_function) {
+                  py_GlobalRef module,
+                  py_Ref globals,
+                  py_Ref locals,
+                  bool is_p0_function,
+                  bool is_locals_proxy) {
+    assert(module->type == tp_module || module->type == tp_dict);
     Frame* self = FixedMemoryPool__alloc(&pk_current_vm->pool_frame);
     self->f_back = NULL;
-    self->ip = (Bytecode*)co->codes.data - 1;
     self->co = co;
-    self->module = module;
     self->p0 = p0;
+    self->module = module;
+    self->globals = globals;
     self->locals = locals;
-    self->has_function = has_function;
-    self->is_dynamic = co->src->is_dynamic;
+    self->is_p0_function = is_p0_function;
+    self->is_locals_proxy = is_locals_proxy;
+    self->ip = -1;
     self->uw_list = NULL;
     return self;
 }
@@ -99,30 +103,60 @@ void Frame__set_unwind_target(Frame* self, py_TValue* sp) {
 }
 
 void Frame__gc_mark(Frame* self) {
-    pk__mark_value(self->module);
+    pk__mark_value(self->globals);
+    if(self->is_locals_proxy) pk__mark_value(self->locals);
     CodeObject__gc_mark(self->co);
 }
 
-py_TValue* Frame__f_closure_try_get(Frame* self, py_Name name) {
-    if(!self->has_function) return NULL;
-    Function* ud = py_touserdata(self->p0);
-    if(ud->closure == NULL) return NULL;
-    return NameDict__try_get(ud->closure, name);
-}
-
-int Frame__ip(const Frame* self) { return self->ip - (Bytecode*)self->co->codes.data; }
-
 int Frame__lineno(const Frame* self) {
-    int ip = Frame__ip(self);
+    int ip = self->ip;
     return c11__getitem(BytecodeEx, &self->co->codes_ex, ip).lineno;
 }
 
 int Frame__iblock(const Frame* self) {
-    int ip = Frame__ip(self);
+    int ip = self->ip;
     return c11__getitem(BytecodeEx, &self->co->codes_ex, ip).iblock;
 }
 
-py_TValue* Frame__f_locals_try_get(Frame* self, py_Name name) {
-    assert(!self->is_dynamic);
+int Frame__getglobal(Frame* self, py_Name name) {
+    if(self->globals->type == tp_module) {
+        py_ItemRef item = py_getdict(self->globals, name);
+        if(item != NULL) {
+            py_assign(py_retval(), item);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return py_dict_getitem(self->globals, py_name2ref(name));
+    }
+}
+
+bool Frame__setglobal(Frame* self, py_Name name, py_TValue* val) {
+    if(self->globals->type == tp_module) {
+        py_setdict(self->globals, name, val);
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return py_dict_setitem(self->globals, py_name2ref(name), val);
+    }
+}
+
+int Frame__delglobal(Frame* self, py_Name name) {
+    if(self->globals->type == tp_module) {
+        bool found = py_deldict(self->globals, name);
+        return found ? 1 : 0;
+    } else {
+        return py_dict_delitem(self->globals, py_name2ref(name));
+    }
+}
+
+py_StackRef Frame__getlocal_noproxy(Frame* self, py_Name name) {
+    assert(!self->is_locals_proxy);
     return FastLocals__try_get_by_name(self->locals, self->co, name);
+}
+
+py_Ref Frame__getclosure(Frame* self, py_Name name) {
+    if(!self->is_p0_function) return NULL;
+    Function* ud = py_touserdata(self->p0);
+    if(ud->closure == NULL) return NULL;
+    return NameDict__try_get(ud->closure, name);
 }

src/interpreter/vm.c

@@ -431,8 +431,8 @@ static bool
                                  co->name->data);
             } else {
                 // add to **kwargs
-                bool ok = py_dict_setitem_by_str(&buffer[decl->starred_kwarg],
-                                                 py_name2str(key),
+                bool ok = py_dict_setitem(&buffer[decl->starred_kwarg],
+                                                 py_name2ref(key),
                                                  &p1[2 * j + 1]);
                 if(!ok) return false;
             }
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ FrameResult VM__vectorcall(VM* self, uint16_t argc, uint16_t kwargc, bool opcall
                 // submit the call
                 if(!fn->cfunc) {
                     // python function
-                    VM__push_frame(self, Frame__new(co, &fn->module, p0, argv, true));
+                    VM__push_frame(self, Frame__new(co, p0, fn->module, fn->globals, argv, true, false));
                     return opcall ? RES_CALL : VM__run_top_frame(self);
                 } else {
                     // decl-based binding
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ FrameResult VM__vectorcall(VM* self, uint16_t argc, uint16_t kwargc, bool opcall
                 // submit the call
                 if(!fn->cfunc) {
                     // python function
-                    VM__push_frame(self, Frame__new(co, &fn->module, p0, argv, true));
+                    VM__push_frame(self, Frame__new(co, p0, fn->module, fn->globals, argv, true, false));
                     return opcall ? RES_CALL : VM__run_top_frame(self);
                 } else {
                     // decl-based binding
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ FrameResult VM__vectorcall(VM* self, uint16_t argc, uint16_t kwargc, bool opcall
                 // copy buffer back to stack
                 self->stack.sp = argv + co->nlocals;
                 memcpy(argv, self->__vectorcall_buffer, co->nlocals * sizeof(py_TValue));
-                Frame* frame = Frame__new(co, &fn->module, p0, argv, true);
+                Frame* frame = Frame__new(co, p0, fn->module, fn->globals, argv, true, false);
                 pk_newgenerator(py_retval(), frame, p0, self->stack.sp);
                 self->stack.sp = p0;  // reset the stack
                 return RES_RETURN;

src/modules/enum.c

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ static bool Enum__wrapper_field(py_Name name, py_Ref value, void* ctx) {
     if(name_sv.size == 0 || name_sv.data[0] == '_') return true;
     py_push(ctx);
     py_pushnil();
-    py_newstr(py_pushtmp(), py_name2str(name));
+    py_assign(py_pushtmp(), py_name2ref(name));
     py_push(value);
     bool ok = py_vectorcall(2, 0);
     if(!ok) return false;

src/objects/codeobject.c

@@ -159,12 +159,13 @@ void CodeObject__dtor(CodeObject* self) {
     c11_vector__dtor(&self->func_decls);
 }
 
-void Function__ctor(Function* self, FuncDecl_ decl, py_TValue* module) {
+void Function__ctor(Function* self, FuncDecl_ decl, py_GlobalRef module, py_Ref globals) {
     PK_INCREF(decl);
     self->decl = decl;
-    self->module = module ? *module : *py_NIL();
-    self->clazz = NULL;
+    self->module = module;
+    self->globals = globals;
     self->closure = NULL;
+    self->clazz = NULL;
     self->cfunc = NULL;
 }
 

src/public/exec.c

@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ bool pk_exec(CodeObject* co, py_Ref module) {
     py_StackRef sp = vm->stack.sp;
     if(co->src->is_dynamic) sp -= 3;  // [globals, locals, code]
 
-    Frame* frame = Frame__new(co, module, sp, sp, false);
+    const bool is_p0_function = false;
+    const bool is_locals_proxy = true;
+    Frame* frame = Frame__new(co, sp, module, module, sp, is_p0_function, is_locals_proxy);
     VM__push_frame(vm, frame);
     FrameResult res = VM__run_top_frame(vm);
     if(res == RES_ERROR) return false;

src/public/modules.c

@@ -498,23 +498,23 @@ void py_newglobals(py_Ref out) {
         pk_mappingproxy__namedict(out, &pk_current_vm->main);
         return;
     }
-    if(frame->is_dynamic) {
-        py_assign(out, &frame->p0[0]);
+    if(frame->globals->type == tp_module) {
+        pk_mappingproxy__namedict(out, frame->globals);
     } else {
-        pk_mappingproxy__namedict(out, frame->module);
+        *out = *frame->globals; // dict
     }
 }
 
 void py_newlocals(py_Ref out) {
     Frame* frame = pk_current_vm->top_frame;
-    if(frame->is_dynamic) {
-        py_assign(out, &frame->p0[1]);
+    if(!frame || !frame->is_p0_function) {
+        py_newglobals(out);
         return;
     }
-    if(frame->has_function) {
+    if(!frame->is_locals_proxy){
         pk_mappingproxy__locals(out, frame);
-    } else {
-        py_newglobals(out);
+    }else{
+        *out = *frame->locals;
     }
 }
 
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ static bool _builtins_execdyn(const char* title, int argc, py_Ref argv, enum py_
     CodeObject* co = py_touserdata(code);
     if(!co->src->is_dynamic) {
         if(argc != 1)
-            return ValueError("code object is not dynamic, so globals and locals must be None");
+            return ValueError("code object is not dynamic, `globals` and `locals` must be None");
         py_shrink(3);
     }
     Frame* frame = pk_current_vm->top_frame;
@@ -736,6 +736,7 @@ py_TValue pk_builtins__register() {
 
 static void function__gc_mark(void* ud) {
     Function* func = ud;
+    if(func->globals) pk__mark_value(func->globals);
     if(func->closure) pk__mark_namedict(func->closure);
     FuncDecl__gc_mark(func->decl);
 }
@@ -779,7 +780,7 @@ static bool super__new__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
     py_Ref self_arg = NULL;
     if(argc == 1) {
         // super()
-        if(frame->has_function) {
+        if(frame->is_p0_function && !frame->is_locals_proxy) {
             py_TValue* callable = frame->p0;
             if(callable->type == tp_boundmethod) callable = py_getslot(frame->p0, 1);
             if(callable->type == tp_function) {

src/public/py_mappingproxy.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pocketpy/objects/object.h"
 #include "pocketpy/interpreter/vm.h"
 #include "pocketpy/common/sstream.h"
+#include <stdbool.h>
 
 void pk_mappingproxy__namedict(py_Ref out, py_Ref object) {
     py_newobject(out, tp_namedict, 1, 0);
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ static bool namedict_items(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
             if(py_isnil(ti->magic_0 + j)) continue;
             py_Ref slot = py_list_emplace(py_retval());
             py_newtuple(slot, 2);
-            py_newstr(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 0), py_name2str(j + PK_MAGIC_SLOTS_UNCOMMON_LENGTH));
+            py_assign(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 0), py_name2ref(j + PK_MAGIC_SLOTS_UNCOMMON_LENGTH));
             py_assign(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 1), ti->magic_0 + j);
         }
         if(ti->magic_1) {
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ static bool namedict_items(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
                 if(py_isnil(ti->magic_1 + j)) continue;
                 py_Ref slot = py_list_emplace(py_retval());
                 py_newtuple(slot, 2);
-                py_newstr(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 0), py_name2str(j));
+                py_assign(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 0), py_name2ref(j));
                 py_assign(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 1), ti->magic_1 + j);
             }
         }
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ static bool namedict_items(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
         py_Ref slot = py_list_emplace(py_retval());
         py_newtuple(slot, 2);
         NameDict_KV* kv = c11__at(NameDict_KV, dict, i);
-        py_newstr(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 0), py_name2str(kv->key));
+        py_assign(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 0), py_name2ref(kv->key));
         py_assign(py_tuple_getitem(slot, 1), &kv->value);
     }
     return true;
@@ -107,17 +108,21 @@ py_Type pk_namedict__register() {
 //////////////////////
 
 void pk_mappingproxy__locals(py_Ref out, Frame* frame) {
-    assert(frame->has_function && !frame->is_dynamic);
-    Frame** ud = py_newobject(out, tp_locals, 0, sizeof(Frame*));
-    *ud = frame;
+    assert(frame->is_p0_function && !frame->is_locals_proxy);
+    out->type = tp_locals;
+    out->is_ptr = false;
+    out->extra = 0;
+    // this is a weak reference
+    // locals() will expire when the frame is destroyed
+    out->_ptr = frame;
 }
 
 static bool locals__getitem__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
     PY_CHECK_ARGC(2);
     PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(1, tp_str);
-    Frame** ud = py_touserdata(argv);
+    Frame* frame = argv->_ptr;
     py_Name name = py_namev(py_tosv(py_arg(1)));
-    py_Ref slot = Frame__f_locals_try_get(*ud, name);
+    py_Ref slot = Frame__getlocal_noproxy(frame, name);
     if(!slot || py_isnil(slot)) return KeyError(py_arg(1));
     py_assign(py_retval(), slot);
     return true;
@@ -126,9 +131,9 @@ static bool locals__getitem__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
 static bool locals__setitem__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
     PY_CHECK_ARGC(3);
     PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(1, tp_str);
-    Frame** ud = py_touserdata(argv);
+    Frame* frame = argv->_ptr;
     py_Name name = py_namev(py_tosv(py_arg(1)));
-    py_Ref slot = Frame__f_locals_try_get(*ud, name);
+    py_Ref slot = Frame__getlocal_noproxy(frame, name);
     if(!slot) return KeyError(py_arg(1));
     py_assign(slot, py_arg(2));
     py_newnone(py_retval());
@@ -138,9 +143,9 @@ static bool locals__setitem__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
 static bool locals__delitem__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
     PY_CHECK_ARGC(2);
     PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(1, tp_str);
-    Frame** ud = py_touserdata(argv);
+    Frame* frame = argv->_ptr;
     py_Name name = py_namev(py_tosv(py_arg(1)));
-    py_Ref res = Frame__f_locals_try_get(*ud, name);
+    py_Ref res = Frame__getlocal_noproxy(frame, name);
     if(!res || py_isnil(res)) return KeyError(py_arg(1));
     py_newnil(res);
     py_newnone(py_retval());
@@ -150,9 +155,9 @@ static bool locals__delitem__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
 static bool locals__contains__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
     PY_CHECK_ARGC(2);
     PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(1, tp_str);
-    Frame** ud = py_touserdata(argv);
+    Frame* frame = argv->_ptr;
     py_Name name = py_namev(py_tosv(py_arg(1)));
-    py_Ref slot = Frame__f_locals_try_get(*ud, name);
+    py_Ref slot = Frame__getlocal_noproxy(frame, name);
     py_newbool(py_retval(), slot && !py_isnil(slot));
     return true;
 }

src/public/py_object.c

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static bool type__base__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
 static bool type__name__(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
     PY_CHECK_ARGC(1);
     py_TypeInfo* ti = pk__type_info(py_totype(argv));
-    py_newstr(py_retval(), py_name2str(ti->name));
+    py_assign(py_retval(), py_name2ref(ti->name));
     return true;
 }
 

src/public/py_ops.c

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ bool py_getattr(py_Ref self, py_Name name) {
     if(fallback) {
         py_push(fallback);
         py_push(self);
-        py_newstr(py_pushtmp(), py_name2str(name));
+        py_assign(py_pushtmp(), py_name2ref(name));
         return py_vectorcall(1, 0);
     }
 

src/public/values.c

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ py_Name
     decl->docstring = docstring;
     // construct the function
     Function* ud = py_newobject(out, tp_function, slots, sizeof(Function));
-    Function__ctor(ud, decl, NULL);
+    Function__ctor(ud, decl, NULL, NULL);
     ud->cfunc = f;
     CodeObject__dtor(&code);
     PK_DECREF(source);

tests/66_eval.py

@@ -67,3 +67,8 @@ try:
     exit(1)
 except NameError:
     pass
+
+# https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/339
+code = '\nprint(x)\ndef f():\n  print(x)\nf()\n'
+x = 33
+exec(code, {'x': 42})

tests/67_locals_vs_globals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# https://gist.github.com/dean0x7d/df5ce97e4a1a05be4d56d1378726ff92
+
+a = 1
+my_locals = {"b": 2}
+
+# With user-defined locals:
+exec("""
+import sys
+assert locals() != globals()
+assert "sys" in locals()
+assert "sys" not in globals()
+assert "a" not in locals()
+assert "a" in globals()
+# print(a)  # checks `locals()` first, fails, but finds it in `globals()`
+assert (a == 1), a
+assert "b" in locals()
+assert "b" not in globals()
+# print(b)
+assert (b == 2), b
+def main():
+    assert locals() != globals()
+    assert "sys" not in locals()   # not the same `locals()` as the outer scope
+    assert "sys" not in globals()  # and `sys` isn't in `globals()`, same as before
+    assert "b" not in locals() # again, not the same `locals()` as the outer scope
+main()
+""", globals(), my_locals)
+
+assert "sys" in my_locals  # side effect
+assert "sys" not in globals()
+
+
+# With default locals:
+exec("""
+import sys
+assert locals() == globals()
+assert "sys" in locals()
+assert "sys" in globals()
+def main():
+    assert locals() != globals()
+    assert "sys" not in locals()  # not the same locals as the outer scope
+    assert "sys" in globals()     # but now be can access `sys` via `globals()`
+main()
+""", globals())
+
+assert "sys" in globals()