pocketpy/src/ceval.cpp

#include "pocketpy/ceval.h"

namespace pkpy{

PyObject* VM::_run_top_frame(){
    FrameId frame = top_frame();
    const int base_id = frame.index;
    bool need_raise = false;

    // shared registers
    PyObject *_0, *_1, *_2;
    const PyTypeInfo* _ti;
    StrName _name;

    while(true){
#if PK_DEBUG_EXTRA_CHECK
        if(frame.index < base_id) FATAL_ERROR();
#endif
        try{
            if(need_raise){ need_raise = false; _raise(); }
/**********************************************************************/
/* NOTE: 
 * Be aware of accidental gc!
 * DO NOT leave any strong reference of PyObject* in the C stack
 */
{

#if PK_ENABLE_CEVAL_CALLBACK
#define CEVAL_STEP() byte = frame->next_bytecode(); if(_ceval_on_step) _ceval_on_step(this, frame.get(), byte)
#else
#define CEVAL_STEP() byte = frame->next_bytecode()
#endif

#define DISPATCH_OP_CALL() { frame = top_frame(); goto __NEXT_FRAME; }
__NEXT_FRAME:
    Bytecode CEVAL_STEP();
    // cache
    const CodeObject* co = frame->co;
    const auto& co_consts = co->consts;
    const auto& co_blocks = co->blocks;

#if PK_ENABLE_COMPUTED_GOTO
static void* OP_LABELS[] = {
    #define OPCODE(name) &&CASE_OP_##name,
    #include "pocketpy/opcodes.h"
    #undef OPCODE
};

#define DISPATCH() { CEVAL_STEP(); goto *OP_LABELS[byte.op];}
#define TARGET(op) CASE_OP_##op:
goto *OP_LABELS[byte.op];

#else
#define TARGET(op) case OP_##op:
#define DISPATCH() { CEVAL_STEP(); goto __NEXT_STEP;}

__NEXT_STEP:;
#if PK_DEBUG_CEVAL_STEP
    _log_s_data();
#endif
    switch (byte.op)
    {
#endif
    TARGET(NO_OP) DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(POP_TOP) POP(); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DUP_TOP) PUSH(TOP()); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(ROT_TWO) std::swap(TOP(), SECOND()); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(ROT_THREE)
        _0 = TOP();
        TOP() = SECOND();
        SECOND() = THIRD();
        THIRD() = _0;
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(PRINT_EXPR)
        if(TOP() != None) _stdout(this, CAST(Str&, py_repr(TOP())) + "\n");
        POP();
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(LOAD_CONST)
        heap._auto_collect();
        PUSH(co_consts[byte.arg]);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_NONE) PUSH(None); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_TRUE) PUSH(True); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_FALSE) PUSH(False); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_INTEGER) PUSH(VAR(byte.arg)); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_ELLIPSIS) PUSH(Ellipsis); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_FUNCTION) {
        FuncDecl_ decl = co->func_decls[byte.arg];
        PyObject* obj;
        if(decl->nested){
            NameDict_ captured = frame->_locals.to_namedict();
            obj = VAR(Function({decl, frame->_module, captured}));
            captured->set(decl->code->name, obj);
        }else{
            obj = VAR(Function({decl, frame->_module}));
        }
        PUSH(obj);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_NULL) PUSH(PY_NULL); DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(LOAD_FAST) {
        heap._auto_collect();
        _0 = frame->_locals[byte.arg];
        if(_0 == PY_NULL) vm->UnboundLocalError(co->varnames[byte.arg]);
        PUSH(_0);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_NAME) {
        heap._auto_collect();
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        PyObject** slot = frame->_locals.try_get_name(_name);
        if(slot != nullptr) {
            if(*slot == PY_NULL) vm->UnboundLocalError(_name);
            PUSH(*slot);
            DISPATCH();
        }
        _0 = frame->f_closure_try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        _0 = frame->f_globals().try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        _0 = vm->builtins->attr().try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        vm->NameError(_name);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_NONLOCAL) {
        heap._auto_collect();
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        _0 = frame->f_closure_try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        _0 = frame->f_globals().try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        _0 = vm->builtins->attr().try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        vm->NameError(_name);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL)
        heap._auto_collect();
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        _0 = frame->f_globals().try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        _0 = vm->builtins->attr().try_get(_name);
        if(_0 != nullptr) { PUSH(_0); DISPATCH(); }
        vm->NameError(_name);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_ATTR)
        TOP() = getattr(TOP(), StrName(byte.arg));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_METHOD)
        TOP() = get_unbound_method(TOP(), StrName(byte.arg), &_0, true, true);
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOAD_SUBSCR)
        _1 = POPX();    // b
        _0 = TOP();     // a
        _ti = _inst_type_info(_0);
        if(_ti->m__getitem__){
            TOP() = _ti->m__getitem__(this, _0, _1);
        }else{
            TOP() = call_method(_0, __getitem__, _1);
        }
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(STORE_FAST)
        frame->_locals[byte.arg] = POPX();
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(STORE_NAME){
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        _0 = POPX();
        if(frame->_callable != nullptr){
            PyObject** slot = frame->_locals.try_get_name(_name);
            if(slot == nullptr) vm->UnboundLocalError(_name);
            *slot = _0;
        }else{
            frame->f_globals().set(_name, _0);
        }
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(STORE_GLOBAL)
        frame->f_globals().set(StrName(byte.arg), POPX());
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(STORE_ATTR) {
        _0 = TOP();         // a
        _1 = SECOND();      // val
        setattr(_0, StrName(byte.arg), _1);
        STACK_SHRINK(2);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR)
        _2 = POPX();        // b
        _1 = POPX();        // a
        _0 = POPX();        // val
        _ti = _inst_type_info(_1);
        if(_ti->m__setitem__){
            _ti->m__setitem__(this, _1, _2, _0);
        }else{
            call_method(_1, __setitem__, _2, _0);
        }
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DELETE_FAST)
        _0 = frame->_locals[byte.arg];
        if(_0 == PY_NULL) vm->UnboundLocalError(co->varnames[byte.arg]);
        frame->_locals[byte.arg] = PY_NULL;
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DELETE_NAME)
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        if(frame->_callable != nullptr){
            PyObject** slot = frame->_locals.try_get_name(_name);
            if(slot == nullptr) vm->UnboundLocalError(_name);
            *slot = PY_NULL;
        }else{
            if(!frame->f_globals().contains(_name)) vm->NameError(_name);
            frame->f_globals().erase(_name);
        }
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DELETE_GLOBAL)
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        if(frame->f_globals().contains(_name)){
            frame->f_globals().erase(_name);
        }else{
            NameError(_name);
        }
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DELETE_ATTR)
        _0 = POPX();
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        if(is_tagged(_0) || !_0->is_attr_valid()) TypeError("cannot delete attribute");
        if(!_0->attr().contains(_name)) AttributeError(_0, _name);
        _0->attr().erase(_name);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DELETE_SUBSCR)
        _1 = POPX();
        _0 = POPX();
        _ti = _inst_type_info(_0);
        if(_ti->m__delitem__){
            _ti->m__delitem__(this, _0, _1);
        }else{
            call_method(_0, __delitem__, _1);
        }
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(BUILD_LONG) {
        PK_LOCAL_STATIC const StrName m_long("long");
        _0 = builtins->attr().try_get(m_long);
        if(_0 == nullptr) AttributeError(builtins, m_long);
        TOP() = call(_0, TOP());
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_BYTES) {
        const Str& s = CAST(Str&, TOP());
        std::vector<char> buffer(s.size);
        memcpy(buffer.data(), s.data, s.size);
        TOP() = VAR(Bytes(std::move(buffer)));
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_TUPLE)
        _0 = VAR(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg).to_tuple());
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_LIST)
        _0 = VAR(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg).to_list());
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_DICT)
        if(byte.arg == 0){
            PUSH(VAR(Dict(this)));
            DISPATCH();
        }
        _0 = VAR(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg).to_list());
        _0 = call(_t(tp_dict), _0);
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_SET)
        _0 = VAR(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg).to_list());
        _0 = call(builtins->attr(pk_id_set), _0);
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_SLICE)
        _2 = POPX();    // step
        _1 = POPX();    // stop
        _0 = POPX();    // start
        PUSH(VAR(Slice(_0, _1, _2)));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_STRING) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ArgsView view = STACK_VIEW(byte.arg);
        for(PyObject* obj : view) ss << CAST(Str&, py_str(obj));
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        PUSH(VAR(ss.str()));
    } DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK) {
        auto _lock = heap.gc_scope_lock();
        List list;
        _unpack_as_list(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg), list);
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        _0 = VAR(Tuple(std::move(list)));
        PUSH(_0);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_LIST_UNPACK) {
        auto _lock = heap.gc_scope_lock();
        List list;
        _unpack_as_list(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg), list);
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        _0 = VAR(std::move(list));
        PUSH(_0);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_DICT_UNPACK) {
        auto _lock = heap.gc_scope_lock();
        Dict dict(this);
        _unpack_as_dict(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg), dict);
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        _0 = VAR(std::move(dict));
        PUSH(_0);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BUILD_SET_UNPACK) {
        auto _lock = heap.gc_scope_lock();
        List list;
        _unpack_as_list(STACK_VIEW(byte.arg), list);
        STACK_SHRINK(byte.arg);
        _0 = VAR(std::move(list));
        _0 = call(builtins->attr(pk_id_set), _0);
        PUSH(_0);
    } DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
#define PREDICT_INT_OP(op)                              \
    if(is_both_int(TOP(), SECOND())){                   \
        _1 = POPX();                                    \
        _0 = TOP();                                     \
        TOP() = VAR(_CAST(i64, _0) op _CAST(i64, _1));  \
        DISPATCH();                                     \
    }

#define BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(func)                         \
        _1 = POPX();                                    \
        _0 = TOP();                                     \
        _ti = _inst_type_info(_0);                      \
        if(_ti->m##func){                               \
            TOP() = VAR(_ti->m##func(this, _0, _1));    \
        }else{                                          \
            PyObject* self;                                         \
            _2 = get_unbound_method(_0, func, &self, false);        \
            if(_2 != nullptr) TOP() = call_method(self, _2, _1);    \
            else TOP() = NotImplemented;                            \
        }

#define BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL(op, func)                                \
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented){                                \
            PyObject* self;                                         \
            _2 = get_unbound_method(_1, func, &self, false);        \
            if(_2 != nullptr) TOP() = call_method(self, _2, _0);    \
            else BinaryOptError(op);                                \
            if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError(op);         \
        }

    TARGET(BINARY_TRUEDIV)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__truediv__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("/");
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BINARY_POW)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__pow__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("**");
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(BINARY_ADD)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(+);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__add__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL("+", __radd__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BINARY_SUB)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(-);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__sub__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL("-", __rsub__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BINARY_MUL)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__mul__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL("*", __rmul__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BINARY_FLOORDIV)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(/);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__floordiv__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("//");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BINARY_MOD)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(%);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__mod__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("%");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(COMPARE_LT)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__lt__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL("<", __gt__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(COMPARE_LE)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__le__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL("<=", __ge__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(COMPARE_EQ)
        _1 = POPX();
        _0 = TOP();
        TOP() = VAR(py_equals(_0, _1));
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(COMPARE_NE)
        _1 = POPX();
        _0 = TOP();
        TOP() = VAR(!py_equals(_0, _1));
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(COMPARE_GT)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__gt__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL(">", __lt__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(COMPARE_GE)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__ge__);
        BINARY_OP_RSPECIAL(">=", __le__);
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BITWISE_LSHIFT)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(<<);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__lshift__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("<<");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BITWISE_RSHIFT)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(>>);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__rshift__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError(">>");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BITWISE_AND)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(&);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__and__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("&");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BITWISE_OR)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(|);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__or__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("|");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BITWISE_XOR)
        PREDICT_INT_OP(^);
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__xor__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("^");
        DISPATCH()
    TARGET(BINARY_MATMUL)
        BINARY_OP_SPECIAL(__matmul__);
        if(TOP() == NotImplemented) BinaryOptError("@");
        DISPATCH();

#undef BINARY_OP_SPECIAL
#undef PREDICT_INT_OP

    TARGET(IS_OP)
        _1 = POPX();    // rhs
        _0 = TOP();     // lhs
        TOP() = VAR(static_cast<bool>((_0==_1) ^ byte.arg));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(CONTAINS_OP)
        // a in b -> b __contains__ a
        _ti = _inst_type_info(TOP());
        if(_ti->m__contains__){
            _0 = VAR(_ti->m__contains__(this, TOP(), SECOND()));
        }else{
            _0 = call_method(TOP(), __contains__, SECOND());
        }
        POP();
        TOP() = VAR(static_cast<bool>((int)CAST(bool, _0) ^ byte.arg));
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(JUMP_ABSOLUTE)
        frame->jump_abs(byte.arg);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE)
        if(!py_bool(POPX())) frame->jump_abs(byte.arg);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP)
        if(py_bool(TOP()) == true) frame->jump_abs(byte.arg);
        else POP();
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP)
        if(py_bool(TOP()) == false) frame->jump_abs(byte.arg);
        else POP();
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(SHORTCUT_IF_FALSE_OR_POP)
        if(py_bool(TOP()) == false){        // [b, False]
            STACK_SHRINK(2);                // []
            PUSH(vm->False);                // [False]
            frame->jump_abs(byte.arg);
        } else POP();                       // [b]
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOOP_CONTINUE)
        frame->jump_abs(co_blocks[byte.block].start);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(LOOP_BREAK)
        frame->jump_abs_break(co_blocks[byte.block].end);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(GOTO) {
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        int index = co->labels.try_get(_name);
        if(index < 0) _error("KeyError", fmt("label ", _name.escape(), " not found"));
        frame->jump_abs_break(index);
    } DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(EVAL)
        _0 = builtins->attr(pk_id_eval);
        TOP() = call(_0, TOP());
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(CALL)
        _0 = vectorcall(
            byte.arg & 0xFFFF,          // ARGC
            (byte.arg>>16) & 0xFFFF,    // KWARGC
            true
        );
        if(_0 == PY_OP_CALL) DISPATCH_OP_CALL();
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(CALL_TP)
        // [callable, <self>, args: tuple, kwargs: dict | NULL]
        if(byte.arg){
            _2 = POPX();
            _1 = POPX();
            for(PyObject* obj: _CAST(Tuple&, _1)) PUSH(obj);
            _CAST(Dict&, _2).apply([this](PyObject* k, PyObject* v){
                PUSH(VAR(StrName(CAST(Str&, k)).index));
                PUSH(v);
            });
            _0 = vectorcall(
                _CAST(Tuple&, _1).size(),   // ARGC
                _CAST(Dict&, _2).size(),    // KWARGC
                true
            );
        }else{
            // no **kwargs
            _1 = POPX();
            for(PyObject* obj: _CAST(Tuple&, _1)) PUSH(obj);
            _0 = vectorcall(
                _CAST(Tuple&, _1).size(),   // ARGC
                0,                          // KWARGC
                true
            );
        }
        if(_0 == PY_OP_CALL) DISPATCH_OP_CALL();
        PUSH(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(RETURN_VALUE)
        _0 = POPX();
        _pop_frame();
        if(frame.index == base_id){       // [ frameBase<- ]
            return _0;
        }else{
            frame = top_frame();
            PUSH(_0);
            goto __NEXT_FRAME;
        }
    TARGET(YIELD_VALUE)
        return PY_OP_YIELD;
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(LIST_APPEND)
        _0 = POPX();
        CAST(List&, SECOND()).push_back(_0);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DICT_ADD) {
        _0 = POPX();
        Tuple& t = CAST(Tuple&, _0);
        call_method(SECOND(), __setitem__, t[0], t[1]);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(SET_ADD)
        _0 = POPX();
        call_method(SECOND(), pk_id_add, _0);
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(UNARY_NEGATIVE)
        TOP() = py_negate(TOP());
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(UNARY_NOT)
        TOP() = VAR(!py_bool(TOP()));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(UNARY_STAR)
        TOP() = VAR(StarWrapper(byte.arg, TOP()));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(UNARY_INVERT)
        _ti = _inst_type_info(TOP());
        if(_ti->m__invert__) _0 = _ti->m__invert__(this, TOP());
        else _0 = call_method(TOP(), __invert__);
        TOP() = _0;
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(GET_ITER)
        TOP() = py_iter(TOP());
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(FOR_ITER)
        _0 = py_next(TOP());
        if(_0 != StopIteration){
            PUSH(_0);
        }else{
            frame->jump_abs_break(co_blocks[byte.block].end);
        }
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(IMPORT_NAME)
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        PUSH(py_import(_name));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(IMPORT_NAME_REL)
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        PUSH(py_import(_name, true));
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(IMPORT_STAR)
        _0 = POPX();
        for(auto& [name, value]: _0->attr().items()){
            std::string_view s = name.sv();
            if(s.empty() || s[0] == '_') continue;
            frame->f_globals().set(name, value);
        }
        frame->f_globals()._try_perfect_rehash();
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE){
        auto _lock = heap.gc_scope_lock();  // lock the gc via RAII!!
        _0 = py_iter(POPX());
        for(int i=0; i<byte.arg; i++){
            _1 = py_next(_0);
            if(_1 == StopIteration) ValueError("not enough values to unpack");
            PUSH(_1);
        }
        if(py_next(_0) != StopIteration) ValueError("too many values to unpack");
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(UNPACK_EX) {
        auto _lock = heap.gc_scope_lock();  // lock the gc via RAII!!
        _0 = py_iter(POPX());
        for(int i=0; i<byte.arg; i++){
            _1 = py_next(_0);
            if(_1 == StopIteration) ValueError("not enough values to unpack");
            PUSH(_1);
        }
        List extras;
        while(true){
            _1 = py_next(_0);
            if(_1 == StopIteration) break;
            extras.push_back(_1);
        }
        PUSH(VAR(extras));
    } DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(BEGIN_CLASS)
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        _0 = POPX();   // super
        if(_0 == None) _0 = _t(tp_object);
        check_non_tagged_type(_0, tp_type);
        _1 = new_type_object(frame->_module, _name, PK_OBJ_GET(Type, _0));
        PUSH(_1);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(END_CLASS)
        _0 = POPX();
        _0->attr()._try_perfect_rehash();
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(STORE_CLASS_ATTR)
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        _0 = POPX();
        TOP()->attr().set(_name, _0);
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(WITH_ENTER)
        call_method(POPX(), __enter__);
        DISPATCH();
    TARGET(WITH_EXIT)
        call_method(POPX(), __exit__);
        DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(ASSERT) {
        _0 = TOP();
        Str msg;
        if(is_type(_0, tp_tuple)){
            auto& t = CAST(Tuple&, _0);
            if(t.size() != 2) ValueError("assert tuple must have 2 elements");
            _0 = t[0];
            msg = CAST(Str&, py_str(t[1]));
        }
        bool ok = py_bool(_0);
        POP();
        if(!ok) _error("AssertionError", msg);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(EXCEPTION_MATCH) {
        const auto& e = CAST(Exception&, TOP());
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        PUSH(VAR(e.match_type(_name)));
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(RAISE) {
        _0 = POPX();
        Str msg = _0 == None ? "" : CAST(Str, py_str(_0));
        _error(StrName(byte.arg), msg);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(RE_RAISE) _raise(); DISPATCH();
    TARGET(POP_EXCEPTION) _last_exception = POPX(); DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(FORMAT_STRING) {
        _0 = POPX();
        const Str& spec = CAST(Str&, co_consts[byte.arg]);
        PUSH(format(spec, _0));
    } DISPATCH();
    /*****************************************/
    TARGET(INC_FAST){
        PyObject** p = &frame->_locals[byte.arg];
        if(*p == PY_NULL) vm->NameError(co->varnames[byte.arg]);
        *p = VAR(CAST(i64, *p) + 1);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DEC_FAST){
        PyObject** p = &frame->_locals[byte.arg];
        if(*p == PY_NULL) vm->NameError(co->varnames[byte.arg]);
        *p = VAR(CAST(i64, *p) - 1);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(INC_GLOBAL){
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        PyObject** p = frame->f_globals().try_get_2(_name);
        if(p == nullptr) vm->NameError(_name);
        *p = VAR(CAST(i64, *p) + 1);
    } DISPATCH();
    TARGET(DEC_GLOBAL){
        _name = StrName(byte.arg);
        PyObject** p = frame->f_globals().try_get_2(_name);
        if(p == nullptr) vm->NameError(_name);
        *p = VAR(CAST(i64, *p) - 1);
    } DISPATCH();

#if !PK_ENABLE_COMPUTED_GOTO
#if PK_DEBUG_EXTRA_CHECK
    default: throw std::runtime_error(fmt(OP_NAMES[byte.op], " is not implemented"));
#else
    default: UNREACHABLE();
#endif
    }
#endif
}

#undef DISPATCH
#undef TARGET
#undef DISPATCH_OP_CALL
#undef CEVAL_STEP
/**********************************************************************/
            UNREACHABLE();
        }catch(HandledException& e){
            PK_UNUSED(e);
            continue;
        }catch(UnhandledException& e){
            PK_UNUSED(e);
            PyObject* obj = POPX();
            Exception& _e = CAST(Exception&, obj);
            _e.st_push(frame->snapshot());
            _pop_frame();
            if(callstack.empty()){
#if PK_DEBUG_FULL_EXCEPTION
                std::cerr << _e.summary() << std::endl;
#endif
                throw _e;
            }
            frame = top_frame();
            PUSH(obj);
            if(frame.index < base_id) throw ToBeRaisedException();
            need_raise = true;
        }catch(ToBeRaisedException& e){
            PK_UNUSED(e);
            need_raise = true;
        }
    }
}

#undef TOP
#undef SECOND
#undef THIRD
#undef PEEK
#undef STACK_SHRINK
#undef PUSH
#undef POP
#undef POPX
#undef STACK_VIEW

#undef DISPATCH
#undef TARGET
#undef DISPATCH_OP_CALL

} // namespace pkpy