pocketpy/src/expr.h

#pragma once

#include "codeobject.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "lexer.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "ceval.h"
#include "str.h"

namespace pkpy{

struct CodeEmitContext;
struct Expr;
typedef std::unique_ptr<Expr> Expr_;

struct Expr{
    int line = 0;
    virtual ~Expr() = default;
    virtual void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) = 0;
    virtual std::string str() const = 0;

    virtual bool is_literal() const { return false; }
    virtual bool is_json_object() const { return false; }
    virtual bool is_attrib() const { return false; }
    virtual bool is_compare() const { return false; }
    virtual int star_level() const { return 0; }
    virtual bool is_tuple() const { return false; }
    bool is_starred() const { return star_level() > 0; }

    // for OP_DELETE_XXX
    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool emit_del(CodeEmitContext* ctx) {
        PK_UNUSED(ctx);
        return false;
    }

    // for OP_STORE_XXX
    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) {
        PK_UNUSED(ctx);
        return false;
    }
};

struct CodeEmitContext{
    VM* vm;
    CodeObject_ co;
    // some bugs on MSVC (error C2280) when using std::vector<Expr_>
    // so we use stack_no_copy instead
    stack_no_copy<Expr_> s_expr;
    int level;
    std::set<Str> global_names;
    CodeEmitContext(VM* vm, CodeObject_ co, int level): vm(vm), co(co), level(level) {}

    int curr_block_i = 0;
    bool is_compiling_class = false;
    int for_loop_depth = 0;

    bool is_curr_block_loop() const {
        return co->blocks[curr_block_i].type == FOR_LOOP || co->blocks[curr_block_i].type == WHILE_LOOP;
    }

    void enter_block(CodeBlockType type){
        if(type == FOR_LOOP) for_loop_depth++;
        co->blocks.push_back(CodeBlock(
            type, curr_block_i, for_loop_depth, (int)co->codes.size()
        ));
        curr_block_i = co->blocks.size()-1;
    }

    void exit_block(){
        auto curr_type = co->blocks[curr_block_i].type;
        if(curr_type == FOR_LOOP) for_loop_depth--;
        co->blocks[curr_block_i].end = co->codes.size();
        curr_block_i = co->blocks[curr_block_i].parent;
        if(curr_block_i < 0) FATAL_ERROR();

        if(curr_type == FOR_LOOP){
            // add a no op here to make block check work
            emit(OP_NO_OP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
        }
    }

    // clear the expression stack and generate bytecode
    void emit_expr(){
        if(s_expr.size() != 1){
            throw std::runtime_error("s_expr.size() != 1\n" + _log_s_expr());
        }
        Expr_ expr = s_expr.popx();
        expr->emit(this);
    }

    std::string _log_s_expr(){
        std::stringstream ss;
        for(auto& e: s_expr.data()) ss << e->str() << " ";
        return ss.str();
    }

    int emit(Opcode opcode, int arg, int line) {
        co->codes.push_back(
            Bytecode{(uint16_t)opcode, (uint16_t)curr_block_i, arg}
        );
        co->lines.push_back(line);
        int i = co->codes.size() - 1;
        if(line==BC_KEEPLINE){
            if(i>=1) co->lines[i] = co->lines[i-1];
            else co->lines[i] = 1;
        }
        return i;
    }

    void patch_jump(int index) {
        int target = co->codes.size();
        co->codes[index].arg = target;
    }

    bool add_label(StrName name){
        if(co->labels.contains(name)) return false;
        co->labels.set(name, co->codes.size());
        return true;
    }

    int add_varname(StrName name){
        int index = co->varnames_inv.try_get(name);
        if(index >= 0) return index;
        co->varnames.push_back(name);
        index = co->varnames.size() - 1;
        co->varnames_inv.set(name, index);
        return index;
    }

    int add_const(PyObject* v){
        // simple deduplication, only works for int/float
        for(int i=0; i<co->consts.size(); i++){
            if(co->consts[i] == v) return i;
        }
        co->consts.push_back(v);
        return co->consts.size() - 1;
    }

    int add_func_decl(FuncDecl_ decl){
        co->func_decls.push_back(decl);
        return co->func_decls.size() - 1;
    }
};

struct NameExpr: Expr{
    StrName name;
    NameScope scope;
    NameExpr(StrName name, NameScope scope): name(name), scope(scope) {}

    std::string str() const override { return fmt("Name(", name.escape(), ")"); }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        int index = ctx->co->varnames_inv.try_get(name);
        if(scope == NAME_LOCAL && index >= 0){
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_FAST, index, line);
        }else{
            Opcode op = ctx->level <= 1 ? OP_LOAD_GLOBAL : OP_LOAD_NONLOCAL;
            // we cannot determine the scope when calling exec()/eval()
            if(scope == NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN) op = OP_LOAD_NAME;
            ctx->emit(op, StrName(name).index, line);
        }
    }

    bool emit_del(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        switch(scope){
            case NAME_LOCAL:
                ctx->emit(OP_DELETE_FAST, ctx->add_varname(name), line);
                break;
            case NAME_GLOBAL:
                ctx->emit(OP_DELETE_GLOBAL, StrName(name).index, line);
                break;
            case NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN:
                ctx->emit(OP_DELETE_NAME, StrName(name).index, line);
                break;
            default: FATAL_ERROR(); break;
        }
        return true;
    }

    bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        if(ctx->is_compiling_class){
            int index = StrName(name).index;
            ctx->emit(OP_STORE_CLASS_ATTR, index, line);
            return true;
        }
        switch(scope){
            case NAME_LOCAL:
                ctx->emit(OP_STORE_FAST, ctx->add_varname(name), line);
                break;
            case NAME_GLOBAL:
                ctx->emit(OP_STORE_GLOBAL, StrName(name).index, line);
                break;
            case NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN:
                ctx->emit(OP_STORE_NAME, StrName(name).index, line);
                break;
            default: FATAL_ERROR(); break;
        }
        return true;
    }
};

struct StarredExpr: Expr{
    int level;
    Expr_ child;
    StarredExpr(int level, Expr_&& child): level(level), child(std::move(child)) {}
    std::string str() const override { return fmt("Starred(level=", level, ")"); }

    int star_level() const override { return level; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        child->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_UNARY_STAR, level, line);
    }

    bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        if(level != 1) return false;
        // simply proxy to child
        return child->emit_store(ctx);
    }
};

struct NotExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ child;
    NotExpr(Expr_&& child): child(std::move(child)) {}
    std::string str() const override { return "Not()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        child->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_UNARY_NOT, BC_NOARG, line);
    }
};

struct AndExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ lhs;
    Expr_ rhs;
    std::string str() const override { return "And()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        lhs->emit(ctx);
        int patch = ctx->emit(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP, BC_NOARG, line);
        rhs->emit(ctx);
        ctx->patch_jump(patch);
    }
};

struct OrExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ lhs;
    Expr_ rhs;
    std::string str() const override { return "Or()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        lhs->emit(ctx);
        int patch = ctx->emit(OP_JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP, BC_NOARG, line);
        rhs->emit(ctx);
        ctx->patch_jump(patch);
    }
};

// [None, True, False, ...]
struct Literal0Expr: Expr{
    TokenIndex token;
    Literal0Expr(TokenIndex token): token(token) {}
    std::string str() const override { return TK_STR(token); }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        switch (token) {
            case TK("None"):    ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NONE, BC_NOARG, line); break;
            case TK("True"):    ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_TRUE, BC_NOARG, line); break;
            case TK("False"):   ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_FALSE, BC_NOARG, line); break;
            case TK("..."):     ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_ELLIPSIS, BC_NOARG, line); break;
            default: FATAL_ERROR();
        }
    }

    bool is_json_object() const override { return true; }
};

struct LongExpr: Expr{
    Str s;
    LongExpr(const Str& s): s(s) {}
    std::string str() const override { return s.str(); }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        VM* vm = ctx->vm;
        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx->add_const(VAR(s)), line);
        ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_LONG, BC_NOARG, line);
    }
};

// @num, @str which needs to invoke OP_LOAD_CONST
struct LiteralExpr: Expr{
    TokenValue value;
    LiteralExpr(TokenValue value): value(value) {}
    std::string str() const override {
        if(std::holds_alternative<i64>(value)){
            return std::to_string(std::get<i64>(value));
        }
        if(std::holds_alternative<f64>(value)){
            return std::to_string(std::get<f64>(value));
        }
        if(std::holds_alternative<Str>(value)){
            Str s = std::get<Str>(value).escape();
            return s.str();
        }
        FATAL_ERROR();
    }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        VM* vm = ctx->vm;
        PyObject* obj = nullptr;
        if(std::holds_alternative<i64>(value)){
            i64 _val = std::get<i64>(value);
            if(_val >= INT16_MIN && _val <= INT16_MAX){
                ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_INTEGER, (int)_val, line);
                return;
            }
            obj = VAR(_val);
        }
        if(std::holds_alternative<f64>(value)){
            obj = VAR(std::get<f64>(value));
        }
        if(std::holds_alternative<Str>(value)){
            obj = VAR(std::get<Str>(value));
        }
        if(obj == nullptr) FATAL_ERROR();
        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx->add_const(obj), line);
    }

    bool is_literal() const override { return true; }
    bool is_json_object() const override { return true; }
};

struct NegatedExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ child;
    NegatedExpr(Expr_&& child): child(std::move(child)) {}
    std::string str() const override { return "Negated()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        VM* vm = ctx->vm;
        // if child is a int of float, do constant folding
        if(child->is_literal()){
            LiteralExpr* lit = static_cast<LiteralExpr*>(child.get());
            if(std::holds_alternative<i64>(lit->value)){
                i64 _val = -std::get<i64>(lit->value);
                if(_val >= INT16_MIN && _val <= INT16_MAX){
                    ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_INTEGER, (int)_val, line);
                }else{
                    ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx->add_const(VAR(_val)), line);
                }
                return;
            }
            if(std::holds_alternative<f64>(lit->value)){
                PyObject* obj = VAR(-std::get<f64>(lit->value));
                ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx->add_const(obj), line);
                return;
            }
        }
        child->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_UNARY_NEGATIVE, BC_NOARG, line);
    }

    bool is_json_object() const override {
        return child->is_literal();
    }
};

struct SliceExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ start;
    Expr_ stop;
    Expr_ step;
    std::string str() const override { return "Slice()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        if(start){
            start->emit(ctx);
        }else{
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NONE, BC_NOARG, line);
        }

        if(stop){
            stop->emit(ctx);
        }else{
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NONE, BC_NOARG, line);
        }

        if(step){
            step->emit(ctx);
        }else{
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NONE, BC_NOARG, line);
        }

        ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_SLICE, BC_NOARG, line);
    }
};

struct DictItemExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ key;      // maybe nullptr if it is **kwargs
    Expr_ value;
    std::string str() const override { return "DictItem()"; }

    int star_level() const override { return value->star_level(); }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        if(is_starred()){
            PK_ASSERT(key == nullptr);
            value->emit(ctx);
        }else{
            value->emit(ctx);
            key->emit(ctx);     // reverse order
            ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_TUPLE, 2, line);
        }
    }
};

struct SequenceExpr: Expr{
    std::vector<Expr_> items;
    SequenceExpr(std::vector<Expr_>&& items): items(std::move(items)) {}
    virtual Opcode opcode() const = 0;

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        for(auto& item: items) item->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(opcode(), items.size(), line);
    }
};

struct ListExpr: SequenceExpr{
    using SequenceExpr::SequenceExpr;
    std::string str() const override { return "List()"; }

    Opcode opcode() const override {
        for(auto& e: items) if(e->is_starred()) return OP_BUILD_LIST_UNPACK;
        return OP_BUILD_LIST;
    }

    bool is_json_object() const override { return true; }
};

struct DictExpr: SequenceExpr{
    using SequenceExpr::SequenceExpr;
    std::string str() const override { return "Dict()"; }
    Opcode opcode() const override {
        for(auto& e: items) if(e->is_starred()) return OP_BUILD_DICT_UNPACK;
        return OP_BUILD_DICT;
    }

    bool is_json_object() const override { return true; }
};

struct SetExpr: SequenceExpr{
    using SequenceExpr::SequenceExpr;
    std::string str() const override { return "Set()"; }
    Opcode opcode() const override {
        for(auto& e: items) if(e->is_starred()) return OP_BUILD_SET_UNPACK;
        return OP_BUILD_SET;
    }
};

struct TupleExpr: SequenceExpr{
    using SequenceExpr::SequenceExpr;
    std::string str() const override { return "Tuple()"; }
    bool is_tuple() const override { return true; }
    Opcode opcode() const override {
        for(auto& e: items) if(e->is_starred()) return OP_BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK;
        return OP_BUILD_TUPLE;
    }

    bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        // TOS is an iterable
        // items may contain StarredExpr, we should check it
        int starred_i = -1;
        for(int i=0; i<items.size(); i++){
            if(!items[i]->is_starred()) continue;
            if(starred_i == -1) starred_i = i;
            else return false;  // multiple StarredExpr not allowed
        }

        if(starred_i == -1){
            Bytecode& prev = ctx->co->codes.back();
            if(prev.op == OP_BUILD_TUPLE && prev.arg == items.size()){
                // build tuple and unpack it is meaningless
                prev.op = OP_NO_OP;
                prev.arg = BC_NOARG;
            }else{
                ctx->emit(OP_UNPACK_SEQUENCE, items.size(), line);
            }
        }else{
            // starred assignment target must be in a tuple
            if(items.size() == 1) return false;
            // starred assignment target must be the last one (differ from cpython)
            if(starred_i != items.size()-1) return false;
            // a,*b = [1,2,3]
            // stack is [1,2,3] -> [1,[2,3]]
            ctx->emit(OP_UNPACK_EX, items.size()-1, line);
        }
        // do reverse emit
        for(int i=items.size()-1; i>=0; i--){
            bool ok = items[i]->emit_store(ctx);
            if(!ok) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    bool emit_del(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override{
        for(auto& e: items){
            bool ok = e->emit_del(ctx);
            if(!ok) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
};

struct CompExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ expr;       // loop expr
    Expr_ vars;       // loop vars
    Expr_ iter;       // loop iter
    Expr_ cond;       // optional if condition

    virtual Opcode op0() = 0;
    virtual Opcode op1() = 0;

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx){
        ctx->emit(op0(), 0, line);
        iter->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_GET_ITER, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
        ctx->enter_block(FOR_LOOP);
        ctx->emit(OP_FOR_ITER, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
        bool ok = vars->emit_store(ctx);
        // this error occurs in `vars` instead of this line, but...nevermind
        PK_ASSERT(ok);  // TODO: raise a SyntaxError instead
        if(cond){
            cond->emit(ctx);
            int patch = ctx->emit(OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
            expr->emit(ctx);
            ctx->emit(op1(), BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
            ctx->patch_jump(patch);
        }else{
            expr->emit(ctx);
            ctx->emit(op1(), BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
        }
        ctx->emit(OP_LOOP_CONTINUE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
        ctx->exit_block();
    }
};

struct ListCompExpr: CompExpr{
    Opcode op0() override { return OP_BUILD_LIST; }
    Opcode op1() override { return OP_LIST_APPEND; }
    std::string str() const override { return "ListComp()"; }
};

struct DictCompExpr: CompExpr{
    Opcode op0() override { return OP_BUILD_DICT; }
    Opcode op1() override { return OP_DICT_ADD; }
    std::string str() const override { return "DictComp()"; }
};

struct SetCompExpr: CompExpr{
    Opcode op0() override { return OP_BUILD_SET; }
    Opcode op1() override { return OP_SET_ADD; }
    std::string str() const override { return "SetComp()"; }
};

struct LambdaExpr: Expr{
    FuncDecl_ decl;
    std::string str() const override { return "Lambda()"; }

    LambdaExpr(FuncDecl_ decl): decl(decl) {}

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        int index = ctx->add_func_decl(decl);
        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_FUNCTION, index, line);
    }
};

struct FStringExpr: Expr{
    Str src;
    FStringExpr(const Str& src): src(src) {}
    std::string str() const override {
        return fmt("f", src.escape());
    }

    void _load_simple_expr(CodeEmitContext* ctx, Str expr){
        // TODO: pre compile this into a function
        int dot = expr.index(".");
        if(dot < 0){
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NAME, StrName(expr.sv()).index, line);
        }else{
            StrName name(expr.substr(0, dot).sv());
            StrName attr(expr.substr(dot+1).sv());
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NAME, name.index, line);
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_ATTR, attr.index, line);
        }
    }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        VM* vm = ctx->vm;
        static const std::regex pattern(R"(\{(.*?)\})");
        std::cregex_iterator begin(src.begin(), src.end(), pattern);
        std::cregex_iterator end;
        int size = 0;
        int i = 0;
        for(auto it = begin; it != end; it++) {
            std::cmatch m = *it;
            if (i < m.position()) {
                Str literal = src.substr(i, m.position() - i);
                ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx->add_const(VAR(literal)), line);
                size++;
            }
            Str expr = m[1].str();
            int conon = expr.index(":");
            if(conon >= 0){
                _load_simple_expr(ctx, expr.substr(0, conon));
                Str spec = expr.substr(conon+1);
                ctx->emit(OP_FORMAT_STRING, ctx->add_const(VAR(spec)), line);
            }else{
                _load_simple_expr(ctx, expr);
            }
            size++;
            i = (int)(m.position() + m.length());
        }
        if (i < src.length()) {
            Str literal = src.substr(i, src.length() - i);
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx->add_const(VAR(literal)), line);
            size++;
        }
        ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_STRING, size, line);
    }
};

struct SubscrExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ a;
    Expr_ b;
    std::string str() const override { return "Subscr()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override{
        a->emit(ctx);
        b->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_SUBSCR, BC_NOARG, line);
    }

    bool emit_del(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        a->emit(ctx);
        b->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_DELETE_SUBSCR, BC_NOARG, line);
        return true;
    }

    bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        a->emit(ctx);
        b->emit(ctx);
        ctx->emit(OP_STORE_SUBSCR, BC_NOARG, line);
        return true;
    }
};

struct AttribExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ a;
    Str b;
    AttribExpr(Expr_ a, const Str& b): a(std::move(a)), b(b) {}
    AttribExpr(Expr_ a, Str&& b): a(std::move(a)), b(std::move(b)) {}
    std::string str() const override { return "Attrib()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override{
        a->emit(ctx);
        int index = StrName(b).index;
        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_ATTR, index, line);
    }

    bool emit_del(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        a->emit(ctx);
        int index = StrName(b).index;
        ctx->emit(OP_DELETE_ATTR, index, line);
        return true;
    }

    bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        a->emit(ctx);
        int index = StrName(b).index;
        ctx->emit(OP_STORE_ATTR, index, line);
        return true;
    }

    void emit_method(CodeEmitContext* ctx) {
        a->emit(ctx);
        int index = StrName(b).index;
        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_METHOD, index, line);
    }

    bool is_attrib() const override { return true; }
};

struct CallExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ callable;
    std::vector<Expr_> args;
    // **a will be interpreted as a special keyword argument: {"**": a}
    std::vector<std::pair<Str, Expr_>> kwargs;
    std::string str() const override { return "Call()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        bool vargs = false;
        bool vkwargs = false;
        for(auto& arg: args) if(arg->is_starred()) vargs = true;
        for(auto& item: kwargs) if(item.second->is_starred()) vkwargs = true;

        // if callable is a AttrExpr, we should try to use `fast_call` instead of use `boundmethod` proxy
        if(callable->is_attrib()){
            auto p = static_cast<AttribExpr*>(callable.get());
            p->emit_method(ctx);    // OP_LOAD_METHOD
        }else{
            callable->emit(ctx);
            ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_NULL, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
        }

        if(vargs || vkwargs){
            for(auto& item: args) item->emit(ctx);
            ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK, (int)args.size(), line);

            if(!kwargs.empty()){
                for(auto& item: kwargs){
                    if(item.second->is_starred()){
                        if(item.second->star_level() != 2) FATAL_ERROR();
                        item.second->emit(ctx);
                    }else{
                        // k=v
                        int index = ctx->add_const(py_var(ctx->vm, item.first));
                        ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, index, line);
                        item.second->emit(ctx);
                        ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_TUPLE, 2, line);
                    }
                }
                ctx->emit(OP_BUILD_DICT_UNPACK, (int)kwargs.size(), line);
                ctx->emit(OP_CALL_TP, 1, line);
            }else{
                ctx->emit(OP_CALL_TP, 0, line);
            }
        }else{
            // vectorcall protocal
            for(auto& item: args) item->emit(ctx);
            for(auto& item: kwargs){
                int index = StrName(item.first.sv()).index;
                ctx->emit(OP_LOAD_INTEGER, index, line);
                item.second->emit(ctx);
            }
            int KWARGC = (int)kwargs.size();
            int ARGC = (int)args.size();
            ctx->emit(OP_CALL, (KWARGC<<16)|ARGC, line);
        }
    }
};

struct GroupedExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ a;
    std::string str() const override { return "Grouped()"; }

    GroupedExpr(Expr_&& a): a(std::move(a)) {}

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override{
        a->emit(ctx);
    }

    bool emit_del(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        return a->emit_del(ctx);
    }

    bool emit_store(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        return a->emit_store(ctx);
    }
};

struct BinaryExpr: Expr{
    TokenIndex op;
    Expr_ lhs;
    Expr_ rhs;
    std::string str() const override { return TK_STR(op); }

    bool is_compare() const override {
        switch(op){
            case TK("<"): case TK("<="): case TK("=="):
            case TK("!="): case TK(">"): case TK(">="): return true;
            default: return false;
        }
    }

    void _emit_compare(CodeEmitContext* ctx, std::vector<int>& jmps){
        if(lhs->is_compare()){
            static_cast<BinaryExpr*>(lhs.get())->_emit_compare(ctx, jmps);
        }else{
            lhs->emit(ctx); // [a]
        }
        rhs->emit(ctx); // [a, b]
        ctx->emit(OP_DUP_TOP, BC_NOARG, line);      // [a, b, b]
        ctx->emit(OP_ROT_THREE, BC_NOARG, line);    // [b, a, b]
        switch(op){
            case TK("<"):   ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_LT, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("<="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_LE, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("=="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_EQ, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("!="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_NE, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK(">"):   ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_GT, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK(">="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_GE, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            default: UNREACHABLE();
        }
        // [b, RES]
        int index = ctx->emit(OP_SHORTCUT_IF_FALSE_OR_POP, BC_NOARG, line);
        jmps.push_back(index);
    }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        std::vector<int> jmps;
        if(is_compare() && lhs->is_compare()){
            // (a < b) < c
            static_cast<BinaryExpr*>(lhs.get())->_emit_compare(ctx, jmps);
            // [b, RES]
        }else{
            // (1 + 2) < c
            lhs->emit(ctx);
        }

        rhs->emit(ctx);
        switch (op) {
            case TK("+"):   ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_ADD, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("-"):   ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_SUB, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("*"):   ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_MUL, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("/"):   ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_TRUEDIV, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("//"):  ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_FLOORDIV, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("%"):   ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_MOD, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("**"):  ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_POW, BC_NOARG, line);  break;

            case TK("<"):   ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_LT, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("<="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_LE, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("=="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_EQ, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("!="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_NE, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK(">"):   ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_GT, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK(">="):  ctx->emit(OP_COMPARE_GE, BC_NOARG, line);  break;

            case TK("in"):      ctx->emit(OP_CONTAINS_OP, 0, line);   break;
            case TK("not in"):  ctx->emit(OP_CONTAINS_OP, 1, line);   break;
            case TK("is"):      ctx->emit(OP_IS_OP, 0, line);         break;
            case TK("is not"):  ctx->emit(OP_IS_OP, 1, line);         break;

            case TK("<<"):  ctx->emit(OP_BITWISE_LSHIFT, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK(">>"):  ctx->emit(OP_BITWISE_RSHIFT, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("&"):   ctx->emit(OP_BITWISE_AND, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("|"):   ctx->emit(OP_BITWISE_OR, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            case TK("^"):   ctx->emit(OP_BITWISE_XOR, BC_NOARG, line);  break;

            case TK("@"):   ctx->emit(OP_BINARY_MATMUL, BC_NOARG, line);  break;
            default: FATAL_ERROR();
        }

        for(int i: jmps) ctx->patch_jump(i);
    }
};


struct TernaryExpr: Expr{
    Expr_ cond;
    Expr_ true_expr;
    Expr_ false_expr;
    std::string str() const override { return "Ternary()"; }

    void emit(CodeEmitContext* ctx) override {
        cond->emit(ctx);
        int patch = ctx->emit(OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, BC_NOARG, cond->line);
        true_expr->emit(ctx);
        int patch_2 = ctx->emit(OP_JUMP_ABSOLUTE, BC_NOARG, true_expr->line);
        ctx->patch_jump(patch);
        false_expr->emit(ctx);
        ctx->patch_jump(patch_2);
    }
};


} // namespace pkpy