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+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
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+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
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+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
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+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
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+        <main class="relative pb-12 lg:pt-2">
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="write-c-bindings">Write C++ Bindings</h1>
 
+<h2 id="quick-start">Quick Start</h2>
 
+<p>pkpy provides a <a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">pybind11</a> compatible layer which allows users to do convenient bindings.
 
+Header files are located in the <code translate="no" v-pre>include/pybind11</code> directory. Make sure you have added <code translate="no" v-pre>-Iinclude</code> to your compiler flags.</p>
 
+<p>To begin with, use <code translate="no" v-pre>py::scoped_interpreter guard{}</code> to start the interpreter before using any Python objects.
 
+Or explicitly call <code translate="no" v-pre>py::interpreter::initialize()</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>py::interpreter::finalize()</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="module">module</h3>
 
+<div id="module-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cpp"><code v-pre class="language-cpp">#include &lt;pybind11/pybind11.h&gt;
 
+namespace py = pybind11;
 
+
 
+PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(example, m) {
 
+    m.def(&quot;add&quot;, [](int a, int b) {
 
+        return a + b;
 
+    });
 
+
 
+    auto math = m.def_submodule(&quot;math&quot;);
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="function">function</h3>
 
+<div id="function-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cpp"><code v-pre class="language-cpp">int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
 
+
 
+int add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }
 
+
 
+void register_function(py::module_&amp; m)
 
+{
 
+    m.def(&quot;add&quot;, py::overload_cast&lt;int, int&gt;(&amp;add));
 
+
 
+    // support function overload
 
+    m.def(&quot;add&quot;, py::overload_cast&lt;int, int, int&gt;(&amp;add));
 
+
 
+    // bind with default arguments
 
+    m.def(&quot;sub&quot;, [](int a, int b) { 
+        return a - b; 
+    }, py::arg(&quot;a&quot;) = 1, py::arg(&quot;b&quot;) = 2);
 
+
 
+    // bind *args
 
+    m.def(&quot;add&quot;, [](py::args args) {
 
+        int sum = 0;
 
+        for (auto&amp; arg : args) {
 
+            sum += arg.cast&lt;int&gt;();
 
+        }
 
+        return sum;
 
+    });
 
+
 
+    // bind **kwargs
 
+    m.def(&quot;add&quot;, [](py::kwargs kwargs) {
 
+        int sum = 0;
 
+        for (auto item : kwargs) {
 
+            sum += item.second.cast&lt;int&gt;();
 
+        }
 
+        return sum;
 
+    });
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="class">class</h3>
 
+<div id="class-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cpp"><code v-pre class="language-cpp">struct Point
 
+{
 
+    const int x;
 
+    int y;
 
+
 
+public:
 
+    Point() : x(0), y(0) {}
 
+
 
+    Point(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {}
 
+
 
+    Point(const Point&amp; p) : x(p.x), y(p.y) {}
 
+
 
+    std::string stringfy() const { 
+        return &quot;(&quot; + std::to_string(x) + &quot;, &quot; + std::to_string(y) + &quot;)&quot;; 
+    }
 
+};
 
+
 
+struct Point3D : Point
 
+{
 
+private:
 
+    int z;
 
+
 
+public:
 
+    Point3D(int x, int y, int z) : Point(x, y), z(z) {}
 
+
 
+    int get_z() const { return z; }
 
+
 
+    void set_z(int z) { this-&gt;z = z; }
 
+};
 
+
 
+void bind_class(py::module_&amp; m)
 
+{
 
+    py::class_&lt;Point&gt;(m, &quot;Point&quot;)
 
+        .def(py::init&lt;&gt;())
 
+        .def(py::init&lt;int, int&gt;())
 
+        .def(py::init&lt;const Point&amp;&gt;())
 
+        .def_readonly(&quot;x&quot;, &amp;Point::x)
 
+        .def_readwrite(&quot;y&quot;, &amp;Point::y)
 
+        .def(&quot;__str__&quot;, &amp;Point::stringfy);
 
+
 
+    // only support single inheritance
 
+    py::class_&lt;Point3D, Point&gt;(m, &quot;Point3D&quot;, py::dynamic_attr())
 
+        .def(py::init&lt;int, int, int&gt;())
 
+        .def_property(&quot;z&quot;, &amp;Point3D::get_z, &amp;Point3D::set_z);
 
+
 
+    // dynamic_attr will enable the dict of bound class
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="operators">operators</h3>
 
+<div id="operators-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cpp"><code v-pre class="language-cpp">#include &lt;pybind11/operators.h&gt;
 
+namespace py = pybind11;
 
+
 
+struct Int {
 
+    int value;
 
+
 
+    Int(int value) : value(value) {}
 
+
 
+    Int operator+(const Int&amp; other) const {
 
+        return Int(value + other.value);
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    Int operator-(const Int&amp; other) const {
 
+        return Int(value - other.value);
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    bool operator==(const Int&amp; other) const {
 
+        return value == other.value;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    bool operator!=(const Int&amp; other) const {
 
+        return value != other.value;
 
+    }
 
+};
 
+
 
+void bind_operators(py::module_&amp; m)
 
+{
 
+    py::class_&lt;Int&gt;(m, &quot;Int&quot;)
 
+        .def(py::init&lt;int&gt;())
 
+        .def(py::self + py::self)
 
+        .def(py::self - py::self)
 
+        .def(py::self == py::self)
 
+        .def(py::self != py::self);
 
+        // other operators are similar
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="pyobject">py::object</h3>
 
+<p><code translate="no" v-pre>py::object</code> is just simple wrapper around <code translate="no" v-pre>PyVar</code>. It supports some convenient methods to interact with Python objects.</p>
 
+<p>here are some common methods:</p>
 
+<div id="pyobject-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cpp"><code v-pre class="language-cpp">obj.attr(&quot;x&quot;); // access attribute
 
+obj[1]; // access item
 
+
 
+obj.is_none(); // same as obj is None in Python
 
+obj.is(obj2); // same as obj is obj2 in Python
 
+
 
+// operators
 
+obj + obj2; // same as obj + obj2 in Python
 
+// ...
 
+obj == obj2; // same as obj == obj2 in Python
 
+// ...
 
+
 
+obj(...); // same as obj.__call__(...)
 
+
 
+py::cast(obj); // cast to Python object
 
+obj.cast&lt;T&gt;; // cast to C++ type
 
+
 
+py::type::of(obj); // get type of obj
 
+py::type::of&lt;T&gt;(); // get type of T, if T is registered</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>you can also create some builtin objects with their according wrappers:</p>
 
+<div id="pyobject-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cpp"><code v-pre class="language-cpp">py::bool_ b = {true};
 
+py::int_ i = {1};
 
+py::float_ f = {1.0};
 
+py::str s = {&quot;hello&quot;};
 
+py::list l = {1, 2, 3};
 
+py::tuple t = {1, 2, 3};
 
+// ...</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="more-examples">More Examples</h2>
 
+<p>More examples please see the test <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/gsoc-2024-dev/tree/main/pybind11/tests">folder</a> in the GSoC repository. All tested features are supported.</p>
 
+<h2 id="limits-and-comparison">Limits and Comparison</h2>
 
+<p>This is a feature list of pybind11 for pocketpy. It lists all completed and pending features. It also lists the features that cannot be implemented in the current version of pocketpy.</p>
 
+<h3 id="function-1"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/functions.html">Function</a></h3>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Function overloading</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Return value policy</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> is_prepend</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>*args</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>**kwargs</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Keep-alive</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Call Guard</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Default arguments</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Keyword-Only arguments</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Positional-Only arguments</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Allow/Prohibiting None arguments</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="class-1"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/classes.html">Class</a></h3>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Creating bindings for a custom type</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Binding lambda functions</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Dynamic attributes</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Inheritance and automatic downcasting</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Enumerations and internal types</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Instance and static fields</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<blockquote>
 
+<p>Binding static fields may never be implemented in pocketpy because it requires a metaclass, which is a heavy and infrequently used feature.</p>
 
+</blockquote>
 
+<h3 id="exceptions"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></h3>
 
+<p>Need further discussion.</p>
 
+<h3 id="smart-pointers"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/smart_ptrs.html">Smart pointers</a></h3>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> std::shared_ptr</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> std::unique_ptr</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Custom smart pointers</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="type-conversions"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/cast/index.html">Type conversions</a></h3>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Python built-in types</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> STL Containers</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Functional</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Chrono</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="python-c-interface"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/pycpp/object.html">Python C++ interface</a></h3>
 
+<p>Need further discussion.</p>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>object</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>none</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>type</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>bool_</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>int_</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>float_</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>str</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>bytes</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>bytearray</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>tuple</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>list</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>set</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>dict</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>slice</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>iterable</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>iterator</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>function</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>buffer</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>memoryview</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>capsule</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="miscellaneous"><a href="https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/misc.html">Miscellaneous</a></h3>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> Binding sequence data types, iterators, the slicing protocol, etc.</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> Convenient operators binding</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="differences-between-cpython-and-pocketpy">Differences between CPython and pocketpy</h3>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><p>only <code translate="no" v-pre>add</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>sub</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>mul</code> have corresponding right versions in pocketpy. So if you bind <code translate="no" v-pre>int() &gt;&gt; py::self</code>, it will has no effect in pocketpy.</p>
 
+</li>
 
+<li><p><code translate="no" v-pre>__new__</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>__del__</code> are not supported in pocketpy.</p>
 
+</li>
 
+<li><p>in-place operators, such as <code translate="no" v-pre>+=</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>-=</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>*=</code>, etc., are not supported in pocketpy.</p>
 
+</li>
 
+<li><p>the return value of <code translate="no" v-pre>globals</code> is immutable in pocketpy.</p>
 
+</li>
 
+</ul>
 
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+<h1 id="write-c-bindings">Write C Bindings</h1>
 
+<p>In order to use a C/C++ library in python, you need to write bindings for it.</p>
 
+<p>pkpy uses an universal signature to wrap a C function pointer as a python function or method, i.e <code translate="no" v-pre>py_CFunction</code>.</p>
 
+<div id="write-c-bindings-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">typedef bool (*py_CFunction)(int argc, py_Ref argv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>argc</code> is the number of arguments passed to the function.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>argv</code> is the pointer to the first argument.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>If successful, the function should return <code translate="no" v-pre>true</code> and set the return value in <code translate="no" v-pre>py_retval()</code>. In case there is no return value, you should use <code translate="no" v-pre>py_newnone(py_retval())</code>.
 
+If an error occurs, the function should raise an exception and return <code translate="no" v-pre>false</code>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="steps">Steps</h2>
 
+<p>Say you have a function <code translate="no" v-pre>add</code> that takes two integers and returns their sum.</p>
 
+<div id="steps-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">int add(int a, int b) {
 
+    return a + b;
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>Here is how you can write the binding for it:</p>
 
+<div id="steps-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">// 1. Define a wrapper function with the signature `py_CFunction`.
 
+bool py_add(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
 
+    // 2. Check the number of arguments.
 
+    PY_CHECK_ARGC(2);
 
+    // 3. Check the type of arguments.
 
+    PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(0, tp_int);
 
+    PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(1, tp_int);
 
+    // 4. Convert the arguments into C types.
 
+    int _0 = py_toint(py_arg(0));
 
+    int _1 = py_toint(py_arg(1));
 
+    // 5. Call the original function.
 
+    int res = add(_0, _1);
 
+    // 6. Set the return value.
 
+    py_newint(py_retval(), res);
 
+    // 7. Return `true`.
 
+    return true;
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>Once you have the wrapper function, you can bind it to a python module via <code translate="no" v-pre>py_bindfunc</code>.</p>
 
+<div id="steps-code-3" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">py_GlobalRef mod = py_getmodule(&quot;__main__&quot;);
 
+py_bindfunc(mod, &quot;add&quot;, py_add);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>Alternatively, you can use <code translate="no" v-pre>py_bind</code> with a signature, which allows you to specify some default values.</p>
 
+<div id="steps-code-4" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">py_GlobalRef mod = py_getmodule(&quot;__main__&quot;);
 
+py_bind(mod, &quot;add(a, b=1)&quot;, py_add);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>See also:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><a href="../c-api/functions/#py_bind"><code translate="no" v-pre>py_bind</code></a></li>
 
+<li><a href="../c-api/functions/#py_bindmethod"><code translate="no" v-pre>py_bindmethod</code></a></li>
 
+<li><a href="../c-api/functions/#py_bindfunc"><code translate="no" v-pre>py_bindfunc</code></a></li>
 
+<li><a href="../c-api/functions/#py_bindproperty"><code translate="no" v-pre>py_bindproperty</code></a></li>
 
+<li><a href="../c-api/functions/#py_newmodule"><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newmodule</code></a></li>
 
+<li><a href="../c-api/functions/#py_newtype"><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newtype</code></a></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+
 
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+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                        <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
+        <div class="grow min-w-0 bg-body-bg">
 
+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
+    <div id="retype-main" class="min-w-0 p-4 grow md:px-16">
 
+        <main class="relative pb-12 lg:pt-2">
 
+            <div class="retype-markdown" id="retype-content">
 
+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="functions">Functions</h1>
 
+<h3 id="py_initialize">py_initialize</h3>
 
+<div id="py_initialize-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Initialize pocketpy and the default VM.
 
+PK_API void py_initialize();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_finalize">py_finalize</h3>
 
+<div id="py_finalize-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Finalize pocketpy and free all VMs. This opearation is irreversible.
 
+/// After this call, you cannot use any function from this header anymore.
 
+PK_API void py_finalize();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_currentvm">py_currentvm</h3>
 
+<div id="py_currentvm-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the current VM index.
 
+PK_API int py_currentvm();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_switchvm">py_switchvm</h3>
 
+<div id="py_switchvm-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Switch to a VM.
 
+/// @param index index of the VM ranging from 0 to 16 (exclusive). `0` is the default VM.
 
+PK_API void py_switchvm(int index);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_resetvm">py_resetvm</h3>
 
+<div id="py_resetvm-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Reset the current VM.
 
+PK_API void py_resetvm();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_resetallvm">py_resetallvm</h3>
 
+<div id="py_resetallvm-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Reset All VMs.
 
+PK_API void py_resetallvm();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getvmctx">py_getvmctx</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getvmctx-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the current VM context. This is used for user-defined data.
 
+PK_API void* py_getvmctx();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setvmctx">py_setvmctx</h3>
 
+<div id="py_setvmctx-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set the current VM context. This is used for user-defined data.
 
+PK_API void py_setvmctx(void* ctx);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_callbacks">py_callbacks</h3>
 
+<div id="py_callbacks-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Setup the callbacks for the current VM.
 
+PK_API py_Callbacks* py_callbacks();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_appcallbacks">py_appcallbacks</h3>
 
+<div id="py_appcallbacks-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Setup the application callbacks
 
+PK_API py_AppCallbacks* py_appcallbacks();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_sys_setargv">py_sys_setargv</h3>
 
+<div id="py_sys_setargv-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set `sys.argv`. Used for storing command-line arguments.
 
+PK_API void py_sys_setargv(int argc, char** argv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_sys_settrace">py_sys_settrace</h3>
 
+<div id="py_sys_settrace-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set the trace function for the current VM.
 
+PK_API void py_sys_settrace(py_TraceFunc func, bool reset);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_gc_collect">py_gc_collect</h3>
 
+<div id="py_gc_collect-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Invoke the garbage collector.
 
+PK_API int py_gc_collect();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_malloc">py_malloc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_malloc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Wrapper for `PK_MALLOC(size)`.
 
+PK_API void* py_malloc(size_t size);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_realloc">py_realloc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_realloc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Wrapper for `PK_REALLOC(ptr, size)`.
 
+PK_API void* py_realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_free">py_free</h3>
 
+<div id="py_free-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Wrapper for `PK_FREE(ptr)`.
 
+PK_API void py_free(void* ptr);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_true">py_True</h3>
 
+<div id="py_true-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// A shorthand for `True`.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_True();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_false">py_False</h3>
 
+<div id="py_false-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// A shorthand for `False`.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_False();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_none">py_None</h3>
 
+<div id="py_none-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// A shorthand for `None`.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_None();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_nil">py_NIL</h3>
 
+<div id="py_nil-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// A shorthand for `nil`. `nil` is not a valid python object.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_NIL();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_frame_newglobals">py_Frame_newglobals</h3>
 
+<div id="py_frame_newglobals-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `globals()` with respect to the given frame.
 
+PK_API void py_Frame_newglobals(py_Frame* frame, py_OutRef out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_frame_newlocals">py_Frame_newlocals</h3>
 
+<div id="py_frame_newlocals-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `locals()` with respect to the given frame.
 
+PK_API void py_Frame_newlocals(py_Frame* frame, py_OutRef out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_frame_function">py_Frame_function</h3>
 
+<div id="py_frame_function-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the function object of the frame.
 
+/// Returns `NULL` if not available.
 
+PK_API py_StackRef py_Frame_function(py_Frame* frame);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_compile">py_compile <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_compile-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Compile a source string into a code object.
 
+/// Use python's `exec()` or `eval()` to execute it.
 
+PK_API bool py_compile(const char* source,
 
+                       const char* filename,
 
+                       enum py_CompileMode mode,
 
+                       bool is_dynamic);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_compilefile">py_compilefile <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_compilefile-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Compile a `.py` file into a `.pyc` file.
 
+PK_API bool py_compilefile(const char* src_path,
 
+                           const char* dst_path);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_execo">py_execo <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_execo-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Run a compiled code object.
 
+PK_API bool py_execo(const void* data, int size, const char* filename, py_Ref module);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_exec">py_exec <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_exec-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Run a source string.
 
+/// @param source source string.
 
+/// @param filename filename (for error messages).
 
+/// @param mode compile mode. Use `EXEC_MODE` for statements `EVAL_MODE` for expressions.
 
+/// @param module target module. Use NULL for the main module.
 
+/// @return `true` if the execution is successful or `false` if an exception is raised.
 
+PK_API bool py_exec(const char* source,
 
+                    const char* filename,
 
+                    enum py_CompileMode mode,
 
+                    py_Ref module);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_eval">py_eval <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_eval-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Evaluate a source string. Equivalent to `py_exec(source, &quot;&lt;string&gt;&quot;, EVAL_MODE, module)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_eval(const char* source, py_Ref module);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_smartexec">py_smartexec <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_smartexec-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Run a source string with smart interpretation.
 
+/// Example:
 
+/// `py_newstr(py_r0(), &quot;abc&quot;);`
 
+/// `py_newint(py_r1(), 123);`
 
+/// `py_smartexec(&quot;print(_0, _1)&quot;, NULL, py_r0(), py_r1());`
 
+/// `// &quot;abc 123&quot; will be printed`.
 
+PK_API bool py_smartexec(const char* source, py_Ref module, ...);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_smarteval">py_smarteval <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_smarteval-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Evaluate a source string with smart interpretation.
 
+/// Example:
 
+/// `py_newstr(py_r0(), &quot;abc&quot;);`
 
+/// `py_smarteval(&quot;len(_)&quot;, NULL, py_r0());`
 
+/// `int res = py_toint(py_retval());`
 
+/// `// res will be 3`.
 
+PK_API bool py_smarteval(const char* source, py_Ref module, ...);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newint">py_newint</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newint-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create an `int` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newint(py_OutRef, py_i64);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newtrivial">py_newtrivial</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newtrivial-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a trivial value object.
 
+PK_API void py_newtrivial(py_OutRef out, py_Type type, void* data, int size);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newfloat">py_newfloat</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newfloat-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `float` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newfloat(py_OutRef, py_f64);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newbool">py_newbool</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newbool-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `bool` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newbool(py_OutRef, bool);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newstr">py_newstr</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newstr-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `str` object from a null-terminated string (utf-8).
 
+PK_API void py_newstr(py_OutRef, const char*);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newstrn">py_newstrn</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newstrn-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `str` object with `n` UNINITIALIZED bytes plus `'\0'`.
 
+PK_API char* py_newstrn(py_OutRef, int);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newstrv">py_newstrv</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newstrv-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `str` object from a `c11_sv`.
 
+PK_API void py_newstrv(py_OutRef, c11_sv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newfstr">py_newfstr</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newfstr-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a formatted `str` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newfstr(py_OutRef, const char*, ...);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newnone">py_newnone</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newnone-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `None` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newnone(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newnotimplemented">py_newnotimplemented</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newnotimplemented-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `NotImplemented` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newnotimplemented(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newellipsis">py_newellipsis</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newellipsis-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `...` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newellipsis(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newnil">py_newnil</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newnil-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `nil` object. `nil` is an invalid representation of an object.
 
+/// Don't use it unless you know what you are doing.
 
+PK_API void py_newnil(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newnativefunc">py_newnativefunc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newnativefunc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `nativefunc` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newnativefunc(py_OutRef, py_CFunction);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newfunction">py_newfunction</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newfunction-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `function` object.
 
+PK_API py_Name py_newfunction(py_OutRef out,
 
+                              const char* sig,
 
+                              py_CFunction f,
 
+                              const char* docstring,
 
+                              int slots);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newboundmethod">py_newboundmethod</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newboundmethod-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `boundmethod` object.
 
+PK_API void py_newboundmethod(py_OutRef out, py_Ref self, py_Ref func);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newobject">py_newobject</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newobject-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a new object.
 
+/// @param out output reference.
 
+/// @param type type of the object.
 
+/// @param slots number of slots. Use `-1` to create a `__dict__`.
 
+/// @param udsize size of your userdata.
 
+/// @return pointer to the userdata.
 
+PK_API void* py_newobject(py_OutRef out, py_Type type, int slots, int udsize);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_name">py_name</h3>
 
+<div id="py_name-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a null-terminated string to a name.
 
+PK_API py_Name py_name(const char*);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_name2ref">py_name2ref</h3>
 
+<div id="py_name2ref-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a name to a python `str` object with cache.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_name2ref(py_Name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_namev">py_namev</h3>
 
+<div id="py_namev-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a `c11_sv` to a name.
 
+PK_API py_Name py_namev(c11_sv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_name2sv">py_name2sv</h3>
 
+<div id="py_name2sv-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a name to a `c11_sv`.
 
+PK_API c11_sv py_name2sv(py_Name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bind">py_bind</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bind-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Bind a function to the object via &quot;decl-based&quot; style.
 
+/// @param obj the target object.
 
+/// @param sig signature of the function. e.g. `add(x, y)`.
 
+/// @param f function to bind.
 
+PK_API void py_bind(py_Ref obj, const char* sig, py_CFunction f);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bindmethod">py_bindmethod</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bindmethod-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Bind a method to type via &quot;argc-based&quot; style.
 
+/// @param type the target type.
 
+/// @param name name of the method.
 
+/// @param f function to bind.
 
+PK_API void py_bindmethod(py_Type type, const char* name, py_CFunction f);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bindstaticmethod">py_bindstaticmethod</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bindstaticmethod-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Bind a static method to type via &quot;argc-based&quot; style.
 
+/// @param type the target type.
 
+/// @param name name of the method.
 
+/// @param f function to bind.
 
+PK_API void py_bindstaticmethod(py_Type type, const char* name, py_CFunction f);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bindfunc">py_bindfunc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bindfunc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Bind a function to the object via &quot;argc-based&quot; style.
 
+/// @param obj the target object.
 
+/// @param name name of the function.
 
+/// @param f function to bind.
 
+PK_API void py_bindfunc(py_Ref obj, const char* name, py_CFunction f);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bindproperty">py_bindproperty</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bindproperty-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Bind a property to type.
 
+/// @param type the target type.
 
+/// @param name name of the property.
 
+/// @param getter getter function.
 
+/// @param setter setter function. Use `NULL` if not needed.
 
+PK_API void py_bindproperty(py_Type type, const char* name, py_CFunction getter, py_CFunction setter);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bindmagic">py_bindmagic</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bindmagic-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Bind a magic method to type.
 
+PK_API void py_bindmagic(py_Type type, py_Name name, py_CFunction f);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_toint">py_toint</h3>
 
+<div id="py_toint-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert an `int` object in python to `int64_t`.
 
+PK_API py_i64 py_toint(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_totrivial">py_totrivial</h3>
 
+<div id="py_totrivial-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the address of the trivial value object (16 bytes).
 
+PK_API void* py_totrivial(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tofloat">py_tofloat</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tofloat-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a `float` object in python to `double`.
 
+PK_API py_f64 py_tofloat(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_castfloat">py_castfloat <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_castfloat-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Cast a `int` or `float` object in python to `double`.
 
+/// If successful, return true and set the value to `out`.
 
+/// Otherwise, return false and raise `TypeError`.
 
+PK_API bool py_castfloat(py_Ref, py_f64* out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_castfloat32">py_castfloat32 <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_castfloat32-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// 32-bit version of `py_castfloat`.
 
+PK_API bool py_castfloat32(py_Ref, float* out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_castint">py_castint <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_castint-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Cast a `int` object in python to `int64_t`.
 
+PK_API bool py_castint(py_Ref, py_i64* out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tobool">py_tobool</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tobool-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a `bool` object in python to `bool`.
 
+PK_API bool py_tobool(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_totype">py_totype</h3>
 
+<div id="py_totype-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a `type` object in python to `py_Type`.
 
+PK_API py_Type py_totype(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_touserdata">py_touserdata</h3>
 
+<div id="py_touserdata-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a user-defined object to its userdata.
 
+PK_API void* py_touserdata(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tosv">py_tosv</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tosv-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Convert a `str` object in python to `c11_sv`.
 
+PK_API c11_sv py_tosv(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bytes_resize">py_bytes_resize</h3>
 
+<div id="py_bytes_resize-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Resize a `bytes` object. It can only be resized down.
 
+PK_API void py_bytes_resize(py_Ref, int size);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newtype">py_newtype</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newtype-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a new type.
 
+/// @param name name of the type.
 
+/// @param base base type.
 
+/// @param module module where the type is defined. Use `NULL` for built-in types.
 
+/// @param dtor destructor function. Use `NULL` if not needed.
 
+PK_API py_Type py_newtype(const char* name, py_Type base, const py_GlobalRef module, py_Dtor dtor);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_istype">py_istype</h3>
 
+<div id="py_istype-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if the object is exactly the given type.
 
+PK_API bool py_istype(py_Ref, py_Type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_typeof">py_typeof</h3>
 
+<div id="py_typeof-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the type of the object.
 
+PK_API py_Type py_typeof(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_isinstance">py_isinstance</h3>
 
+<div id="py_isinstance-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if the object is an instance of the given type.
 
+PK_API bool py_isinstance(py_Ref obj, py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_issubclass">py_issubclass</h3>
 
+<div id="py_issubclass-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if the derived type is a subclass of the base type.
 
+PK_API bool py_issubclass(py_Type derived, py_Type base);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_gettype">py_gettype</h3>
 
+<div id="py_gettype-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get type by module and name. e.g. `py_gettype(&quot;time&quot;, py_name(&quot;struct_time&quot;))`.
 
+/// Return `0` if not found.
 
+PK_API py_Type py_gettype(const char* module, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_checktype">py_checktype <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_checktype-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if the object is an instance of the given type exactly.
 
+/// Raise `TypeError` if the check fails.
 
+PK_API bool py_checktype(py_Ref self, py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_checkinstance">py_checkinstance <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_checkinstance-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if the object is an instance of the given type or its subclass.
 
+/// Raise `TypeError` if the check fails.
 
+PK_API bool py_checkinstance(py_Ref self, py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tpfindmagic">py_tpfindmagic</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tpfindmagic-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Search the magic method from the given type to the base type.
 
+/// Return `NULL` if not found.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_tpfindmagic(py_Type, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tpfindname">py_tpfindname</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tpfindname-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Search the name from the given type to the base type.
 
+/// Return `NULL` if not found.
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_tpfindname(py_Type, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tpbase">py_tpbase</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tpbase-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the base type of the given type.
 
+PK_API py_Type py_tpbase(py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tpobject">py_tpobject</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tpobject-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the type object of the given type.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_tpobject(py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tpsetfinal">py_tpsetfinal</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tpsetfinal-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Disable the type for subclassing.
 
+PK_API void py_tpsetfinal(py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tphookattributes">py_tphookattributes</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tphookattributes-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set attribute hooks for the given type.
 
+PK_API void py_tphookattributes(py_Type type,
 
+                                bool (*getattribute)(py_Ref self, py_Name name) PY_RAISE PY_RETURN,
 
+                                bool (*setattribute)(py_Ref self, py_Name name, py_Ref val)
 
+                                    PY_RAISE PY_RETURN,
 
+                                bool (*delattribute)(py_Ref self, py_Name name) PY_RAISE,
 
+                                bool (*getunboundmethod)(py_Ref self, py_Name name) PY_RETURN);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_inspect_currentfunction">py_inspect_currentfunction</h3>
 
+<div id="py_inspect_currentfunction-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the current `Callable` object on the stack of the most recent vectorcall.
 
+/// Return `NULL` if not available.
 
+/// NOTE: This function should be placed at the beginning of your bindings or you will get wrong result.
 
+PK_API py_StackRef py_inspect_currentfunction();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_inspect_currentmodule">py_inspect_currentmodule</h3>
 
+<div id="py_inspect_currentmodule-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the current `module` object where the code is executed.
 
+/// Return `NULL` if not available.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_inspect_currentmodule();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_inspect_currentframe">py_inspect_currentframe</h3>
 
+<div id="py_inspect_currentframe-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the current frame object.
 
+/// Return `NULL` if not available.
 
+PK_API py_Frame* py_inspect_currentframe();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newglobals">py_newglobals</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newglobals-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `globals()`.
 
+PK_API void py_newglobals(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newlocals">py_newlocals</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newlocals-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `locals()`.
 
+PK_API void py_newlocals(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getreg">py_getreg</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getreg-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the i-th register.
 
+/// All registers are located in a contiguous memory.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_getreg(int i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setreg">py_setreg</h3>
 
+<div id="py_setreg-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set the i-th register.
 
+PK_API void py_setreg(int i, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_retval">py_retval</h3>
 
+<div id="py_retval-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the last return value.
 
+/// Please note that `py_retval()` cannot be used as input argument.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_retval();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getdict">py_getdict</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getdict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get an item from the object's `__dict__`.
 
+/// Return `NULL` if not found.
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_getdict(py_Ref self, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setdict">py_setdict</h3>
 
+<div id="py_setdict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set an item to the object's `__dict__`.
 
+PK_API void py_setdict(py_Ref self, py_Name name, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_deldict">py_deldict</h3>
 
+<div id="py_deldict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Delete an item from the object's `__dict__`.
 
+/// Return `true` if the deletion is successful.
 
+PK_API bool py_deldict(py_Ref self, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_emplacedict">py_emplacedict</h3>
 
+<div id="py_emplacedict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Prepare an insertion to the object's `__dict__`.
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_emplacedict(py_Ref self, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_applydict">py_applydict <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_applydict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Apply a function to all items in the object's `__dict__`.
 
+/// Return `true` if the function is successful for all items.
 
+/// NOTE: Be careful if `f` modifies the object's `__dict__`.
 
+PK_API bool py_applydict(py_Ref self, bool (*f)(py_Name name, py_Ref val, void* ctx), void* ctx);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_cleardict">py_cleardict</h3>
 
+<div id="py_cleardict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Clear the object's `__dict__`. This function is dangerous.
 
+PK_API void py_cleardict(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getslot">py_getslot</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getslot-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the i-th slot of the object.
 
+/// The object must have slots and `i` must be in valid range.
 
+PK_API py_ObjectRef py_getslot(py_Ref self, int i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setslot">py_setslot</h3>
 
+<div id="py_setslot-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set the i-th slot of the object.
 
+PK_API void py_setslot(py_Ref self, int i, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getbuiltin">py_getbuiltin</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getbuiltin-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get variable in the `builtins` module.
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_getbuiltin(py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getglobal">py_getglobal</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getglobal-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get variable in the `__main__` module.
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_getglobal(py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setglobal">py_setglobal</h3>
 
+<div id="py_setglobal-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Set variable in the `__main__` module.
 
+PK_API void py_setglobal(py_Name name, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_peek">py_peek</h3>
 
+<div id="py_peek-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the i-th object from the top of the stack.
 
+/// `i` should be negative, e.g. (-1) means TOS.
 
+PK_API py_StackRef py_peek(int i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_push">py_push</h3>
 
+<div id="py_push-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Push the object to the stack.
 
+PK_API void py_push(py_Ref src);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pushnil">py_pushnil</h3>
 
+<div id="py_pushnil-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Push a `nil` object to the stack.
 
+PK_API void py_pushnil();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pushnone">py_pushnone</h3>
 
+<div id="py_pushnone-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Push a `None` object to the stack.
 
+PK_API void py_pushnone();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pushname">py_pushname</h3>
 
+<div id="py_pushname-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Push a `py_Name` to the stack. This is used for keyword arguments.
 
+PK_API void py_pushname(py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pop">py_pop</h3>
 
+<div id="py_pop-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Pop an object from the stack.
 
+PK_API void py_pop();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_shrink">py_shrink</h3>
 
+<div id="py_shrink-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Shrink the stack by n.
 
+PK_API void py_shrink(int n);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pushtmp">py_pushtmp</h3>
 
+<div id="py_pushtmp-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get a temporary variable from the stack.
 
+PK_API py_StackRef py_pushtmp();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pushmethod">py_pushmethod</h3>
 
+<div id="py_pushmethod-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the unbound method of the object.
 
+/// Assume the object is located at the top of the stack.
 
+/// If return true:  `[self] -&gt; [unbound, self]`.
 
+/// If return false: `[self] -&gt; [self]` (no change).
 
+PK_API bool py_pushmethod(py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pusheval">py_pusheval <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_pusheval-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Evaluate an expression and push the result to the stack.
 
+/// This function is used for testing.
 
+PK_API bool py_pusheval(const char* expr, py_GlobalRef module);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_vectorcall">py_vectorcall <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_vectorcall-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Call a callable object via pocketpy's calling convention.
 
+/// You need to prepare the stack using the following format:
 
+/// `callable, self/nil, arg1, arg2, ..., k1, v1, k2, v2, ...`.
 
+/// `argc` is the number of positional arguments excluding `self`.
 
+/// `kwargc` is the number of keyword arguments.
 
+/// The result will be set to `py_retval()`.
 
+/// The stack size will be reduced by `2 + argc + kwargc * 2`.
 
+PK_API bool py_vectorcall(uint16_t argc, uint16_t kwargc);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_call">py_call <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_call-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Call a function.
 
+/// It prepares the stack and then performs a `vectorcall(argc, 0, false)`.
 
+/// The result will be set to `py_retval()`.
 
+/// The stack remains unchanged if successful.
 
+PK_API bool py_call(py_Ref f, int argc, py_Ref argv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tpcall">py_tpcall <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_tpcall-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Call a type to create a new instance.
 
+PK_API bool py_tpcall(py_Type type, int argc, py_Ref argv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_callcfunc">py_callcfunc <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_callcfunc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Call a `py_CFunction` in a safe way.
 
+/// This function does extra checks to help you debug `py_CFunction`.
 
+PK_API bool py_callcfunc(py_CFunction f, int argc, py_Ref argv);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryop">py_binaryop <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryop-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Perform a binary operation.
 
+/// The result will be set to `py_retval()`.
 
+/// The stack remains unchanged after the operation.
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryop(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs, py_Name op, py_Name rop);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryadd">py_binaryadd <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryadd-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs + rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryadd(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarysub">py_binarysub <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarysub-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs - rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarysub(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarymul">py_binarymul <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarymul-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs * rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarymul(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarytruediv">py_binarytruediv <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarytruediv-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs / rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarytruediv(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryfloordiv">py_binaryfloordiv <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryfloordiv-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs // rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryfloordiv(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarymod">py_binarymod <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarymod-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs % rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarymod(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarypow">py_binarypow <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarypow-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs ** rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarypow(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarylshift">py_binarylshift <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarylshift-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &lt;&lt; rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarylshift(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryrshift">py_binaryrshift <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryrshift-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &gt;&gt; rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryrshift(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryand">py_binaryand <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryand-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &amp; rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryand(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryor">py_binaryor <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryor-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs | rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryor(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binaryxor">py_binaryxor <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binaryxor-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs ^ rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binaryxor(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_binarymatmul">py_binarymatmul <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_binarymatmul-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs @ rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_binarymatmul(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_eq">py_eq <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_eq-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs == rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_eq(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_ne">py_ne <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_ne-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs != rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_ne(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_lt">py_lt <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_lt-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &lt; rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_lt(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_le">py_le <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_le-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &lt;= rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_le(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_gt">py_gt <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_gt-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &gt; rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_gt(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_ge">py_ge <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_ge-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// lhs &gt;= rhs
 
+PK_API bool py_ge(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_isidentical">py_isidentical</h3>
 
+<div id="py_isidentical-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `lhs is rhs`.
 
+PK_API bool py_isidentical(py_Ref, py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_bool">py_bool <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_bool-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `bool(val)`.
 
+/// 1: true, 0: false, -1: error
 
+PK_API int py_bool(py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_equal">py_equal <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_equal-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Compare two objects.
 
+/// 1: lhs == rhs, 0: lhs != rhs, -1: error
 
+PK_API int py_equal(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_less">py_less <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_less-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Compare two objects.
 
+/// 1: lhs &lt; rhs, 0: lhs &gt;= rhs, -1: error
 
+PK_API int py_less(py_Ref lhs, py_Ref rhs);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_callable">py_callable</h3>
 
+<div id="py_callable-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `callable(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_callable(py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_hash">py_hash <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_hash-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the hash value of the object.
 
+PK_API bool py_hash(py_Ref, py_i64* out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_iter">py_iter <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_iter-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the iterator of the object.
 
+PK_API bool py_iter(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_next">py_next <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_next-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get the next element from the iterator.
 
+/// 1: success, 0: StopIteration, -1: error
 
+PK_API int py_next(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_str">py_str <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_str-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `str(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_str(py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_repr">py_repr <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_repr-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `repr(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_repr(py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_len">py_len <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_len-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `len(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_len(py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getattr">py_getattr <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_getattr-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `getattr(self, name)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_getattr(py_Ref self, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setattr">py_setattr <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_setattr-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `setattr(self, name, val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_setattr(py_Ref self, py_Name name, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_delattr">py_delattr <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_delattr-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `delattr(self, name)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_delattr(py_Ref self, py_Name name);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getitem">py_getitem <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_getitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `self[key]`.
 
+PK_API bool py_getitem(py_Ref self, py_Ref key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_setitem">py_setitem <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_setitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `self[key] = val`.
 
+PK_API bool py_setitem(py_Ref self, py_Ref key, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_delitem">py_delitem <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_delitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `del self[key]`.
 
+PK_API bool py_delitem(py_Ref self, py_Ref key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_getmodule">py_getmodule</h3>
 
+<div id="py_getmodule-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Get a module by path.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_getmodule(const char* path);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newmodule">py_newmodule</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newmodule-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a new module.
 
+PK_API py_GlobalRef py_newmodule(const char* path);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_importlib_reload">py_importlib_reload <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_importlib_reload-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Reload an existing module.
 
+PK_API bool py_importlib_reload(py_Ref module);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_import">py_import <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_import-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Import a module.
 
+/// The result will be set to `py_retval()`.
 
+/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: success
 
+PK_API int py_import(const char* path);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_checkexc">py_checkexc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_checkexc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if there is an unhandled exception.
 
+PK_API bool py_checkexc();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_matchexc">py_matchexc <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_matchexc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Check if the unhandled exception is an instance of the given type.
 
+/// If match, the exception will be stored in `py_retval()`.
 
+PK_API bool py_matchexc(py_Type type);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_clearexc">py_clearexc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_clearexc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Clear the unhandled exception.
 
+/// @param p0 the unwinding point. Use `NULL` if not needed.
 
+PK_API void py_clearexc(py_StackRef p0);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_printexc">py_printexc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_printexc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Print the unhandled exception.
 
+PK_API void py_printexc();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_formatexc">py_formatexc</h3>
 
+<div id="py_formatexc-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Format the unhandled exception and return a null-terminated string.
 
+/// The returned string should be freed by the caller.
 
+PK_API char* py_formatexc();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_exception">py_exception <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_exception-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Raise an exception by type and message. Always return false.
 
+PK_API bool py_exception(py_Type type, const char* fmt, ...);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_raise">py_raise <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_raise-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Raise an exception object. Always return false.
 
+PK_API bool py_raise(py_Ref);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="keyerror">KeyError <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="keyerror-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API bool KeyError(py_Ref key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="stopiteration">StopIteration <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="stopiteration-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API bool StopIteration();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_debugger_waitforattach">py_debugger_waitforattach</h3>
 
+<div id="py_debugger_waitforattach-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_debugger_waitforattach(const char* hostname, unsigned short port);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_debugger_status">py_debugger_status</h3>
 
+<div id="py_debugger_status-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API int py_debugger_status();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_debugger_exceptionbreakpoint">py_debugger_exceptionbreakpoint</h3>
 
+<div id="py_debugger_exceptionbreakpoint-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_debugger_exceptionbreakpoint(py_Ref exc);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_debugger_exit">py_debugger_exit</h3>
 
+<div id="py_debugger_exit-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_debugger_exit(int code);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newtuple">py_newtuple</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newtuple-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `tuple` with `n` UNINITIALIZED elements.
 
+/// You should initialize all elements before using it.
 
+PK_API py_ObjectRef py_newtuple(py_OutRef, int n);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tuple_data">py_tuple_data</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tuple_data-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_ObjectRef py_tuple_data(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tuple_getitem">py_tuple_getitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tuple_getitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_ObjectRef py_tuple_getitem(py_Ref self, int i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tuple_setitem">py_tuple_setitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tuple_setitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_tuple_setitem(py_Ref self, int i, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tuple_len">py_tuple_len</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tuple_len-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API int py_tuple_len(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newlist">py_newlist</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newlist-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create an empty `list`.
 
+PK_API void py_newlist(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newlistn">py_newlistn</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newlistn-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `list` with `n` UNINITIALIZED elements.
 
+/// You should initialize all elements before using it.
 
+PK_API void py_newlistn(py_OutRef, int n);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_data">py_list_data</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_data-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_list_data(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_getitem">py_list_getitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_getitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_list_getitem(py_Ref self, int i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_setitem">py_list_setitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_setitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_list_setitem(py_Ref self, int i, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_delitem">py_list_delitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_delitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_list_delitem(py_Ref self, int i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_len">py_list_len</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_len-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API int py_list_len(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_swap">py_list_swap</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_swap-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_list_swap(py_Ref self, int i, int j);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_append">py_list_append</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_append-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_list_append(py_Ref self, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_emplace">py_list_emplace</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_emplace-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_ItemRef py_list_emplace(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_clear">py_list_clear</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_clear-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_list_clear(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_list_insert">py_list_insert</h3>
 
+<div id="py_list_insert-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_list_insert(py_Ref self, int i, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newdict">py_newdict</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newdict-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create an empty `dict`.
 
+PK_API void py_newdict(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_getitem">py_dict_getitem <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_getitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: found
 
+PK_API int py_dict_getitem(py_Ref self, py_Ref key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_setitem">py_dict_setitem <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_setitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// true: success, false: error
 
+PK_API bool py_dict_setitem(py_Ref self, py_Ref key, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_delitem">py_dict_delitem <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_delitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: found (and deleted)
 
+PK_API int py_dict_delitem(py_Ref self, py_Ref key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_getitem_by_str">py_dict_getitem_by_str <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_getitem_by_str-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: found
 
+PK_API int py_dict_getitem_by_str(py_Ref self, const char* key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_getitem_by_int">py_dict_getitem_by_int <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_getitem_by_int-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: found
 
+PK_API int py_dict_getitem_by_int(py_Ref self, py_i64 key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_setitem_by_str">py_dict_setitem_by_str <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_setitem_by_str-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// true: success, false: error
 
+PK_API bool py_dict_setitem_by_str(py_Ref self, const char* key, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_setitem_by_int">py_dict_setitem_by_int <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_setitem_by_int-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// true: success, false: error
 
+PK_API bool py_dict_setitem_by_int(py_Ref self, py_i64 key, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_delitem_by_str">py_dict_delitem_by_str <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_delitem_by_str-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: found (and deleted)
 
+PK_API int py_dict_delitem_by_str(py_Ref self, const char* key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_delitem_by_int">py_dict_delitem_by_int <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_delitem_by_int-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// -1: error, 0: not found, 1: found (and deleted)
 
+PK_API int py_dict_delitem_by_int(py_Ref self, py_i64 key);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_apply">py_dict_apply <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_apply-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// true: success, false: error
 
+PK_API bool py_dict_apply(py_Ref self, bool (*f)(py_Ref key, py_Ref val, void* ctx), void* ctx);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_dict_len">py_dict_len</h3>
 
+<div id="py_dict_len-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// noexcept
 
+PK_API int py_dict_len(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newslice">py_newslice</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newslice-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create an UNINITIALIZED `slice` object.
 
+/// You should use `py_setslot()` to set `start`, `stop`, and `step`.
 
+PK_API py_ObjectRef py_newslice(py_OutRef);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newsliceint">py_newsliceint</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newsliceint-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Create a `slice` object from 3 integers.
 
+PK_API void py_newsliceint(py_OutRef out, py_i64 start, py_i64 stop, py_i64 step);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newrandom">py_newRandom</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newrandom-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newRandom(py_OutRef out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_random_seed">py_Random_seed</h3>
 
+<div id="py_random_seed-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_Random_seed(py_Ref self, py_i64 seed);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_random_random">py_Random_random</h3>
 
+<div id="py_random_random-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_f64 py_Random_random(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_random_uniform">py_Random_uniform</h3>
 
+<div id="py_random_uniform-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_f64 py_Random_uniform(py_Ref self, py_f64 a, py_f64 b);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_random_randint">py_Random_randint</h3>
 
+<div id="py_random_randint-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_i64 py_Random_randint(py_Ref self, py_i64 a, py_i64 b);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newarray2d">py_newarray2d</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newarray2d-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newarray2d(py_OutRef out, int width, int height);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_array2d_getwidth">py_array2d_getwidth</h3>
 
+<div id="py_array2d_getwidth-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API int py_array2d_getwidth(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_array2d_getheight">py_array2d_getheight</h3>
 
+<div id="py_array2d_getheight-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API int py_array2d_getheight(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_array2d_getitem">py_array2d_getitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_array2d_getitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API py_ObjectRef py_array2d_getitem(py_Ref self, int x, int y);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_array2d_setitem">py_array2d_setitem</h3>
 
+<div id="py_array2d_setitem-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_array2d_setitem(py_Ref self, int x, int y, py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newvec2">py_newvec2</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newvec2-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newvec2(py_OutRef out, c11_vec2);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newvec3">py_newvec3</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newvec3-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newvec3(py_OutRef out, c11_vec3);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newvec2i">py_newvec2i</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newvec2i-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newvec2i(py_OutRef out, c11_vec2i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newvec3i">py_newvec3i</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newvec3i-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newvec3i(py_OutRef out, c11_vec3i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newvec4i">py_newvec4i</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newvec4i-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newvec4i(py_OutRef out, c11_vec4i);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newcolor32">py_newcolor32</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newcolor32-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_newcolor32(py_OutRef out, c11_color32);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_newmat3x3">py_newmat3x3</h3>
 
+<div id="py_newmat3x3-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_mat3x3* py_newmat3x3(py_OutRef out);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tovec2">py_tovec2</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tovec2-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_vec2 py_tovec2(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tovec3">py_tovec3</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tovec3-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_vec3 py_tovec3(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tovec2i">py_tovec2i</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tovec2i-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_vec2i py_tovec2i(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tovec3i">py_tovec3i</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tovec3i-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_vec3i py_tovec3i(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tovec4i">py_tovec4i</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tovec4i-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_vec4i py_tovec4i(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tomat3x3">py_tomat3x3</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tomat3x3-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_mat3x3* py_tomat3x3(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_tocolor32">py_tocolor32</h3>
 
+<div id="py_tocolor32-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API c11_color32 py_tocolor32(py_Ref self);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_json_dumps">py_json_dumps <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_json_dumps-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `json.dumps(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_json_dumps(py_Ref val, int indent);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_json_loads">py_json_loads <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_json_loads-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `json.loads(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_json_loads(const char* source);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pickle_dumps">py_pickle_dumps <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_pickle_dumps-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `pickle.dumps(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_pickle_dumps(py_Ref val);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_pickle_loads">py_pickle_loads <a href="../introduction/#py_raise-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-danger-text bg-badge-danger border border-badge-danger-border hover:text-badge-danger-text-hover hover:bg-badge-danger-hover hover:border-badge-danger-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>raise</span>
 
+</a> <a href="../introduction/#py_return-macro" class="no-link inline-flex align-middle items-center justify-center font-medium leading-none whitespace-nowrap text-badge-primary-text bg-badge-primary border border-badge-primary-border hover:text-badge-primary-text-hover hover:bg-badge-primary-hover hover:border-badge-primary-border-hover transition-colors duration-200 ease-out h-6 px-2 text-xs rounded-md">
 
+    <span>return</span>
 
+</a></h3>
 
+<div id="py_pickle_loads-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Python equivalent to `pickle.loads(val)`.
 
+PK_API bool py_pickle_loads(const unsigned char* data, int size);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_watchdog_begin">py_watchdog_begin</h3>
 
+<div id="py_watchdog_begin-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Begin the watchdog with `timeout` in milliseconds.
 
+/// `PK_ENABLE_WATCHDOG` must be defined to `1` to use this feature.
 
+/// You need to call `py_watchdog_end()` later.
 
+/// If `timeout` is reached, `TimeoutError` will be raised.
 
+PK_API void py_watchdog_begin(py_i64 timeout);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_watchdog_end">py_watchdog_end</h3>
 
+<div id="py_watchdog_end-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Reset the watchdog.
 
+PK_API void py_watchdog_end();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_profiler_begin">py_profiler_begin</h3>
 
+<div id="py_profiler_begin-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_profiler_begin();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_profiler_end">py_profiler_end</h3>
 
+<div id="py_profiler_end-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_profiler_end();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_profiler_reset">py_profiler_reset</h3>
 
+<div id="py_profiler_reset-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API void py_profiler_reset();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_profiler_report">py_profiler_report</h3>
 
+<div id="py_profiler_report-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">
 
+PK_API char* py_profiler_report();</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="py_replinput">py_replinput</h3>
 
+<div id="py_replinput-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// An utility function to read a line from stdin for REPL.
 
+PK_API int py_replinput(char* buf, int max_size);</code></pre>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="introduction">Introduction</h1>
 
+<p>All public functions in the C API are prefixed with <code translate="no" v-pre>py_</code> in <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/main/include/pocketpy/pocketpy.h">pocketpy.h</a>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
 
+<p>pocketpy works with opaque references. <code translate="no" v-pre>py_Ref</code> is used to reference objects in the virtual machine. It is your responsibility to ensure a reference is valid before using it. See following reference types:</p>
 
+<div id="overview-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// A generic reference to a python object.
 
+typedef py_TValue* py_Ref;
 
+/// A reference which has the same lifespan as the python object.
 
+typedef py_TValue* py_ObjectRef;
 
+/// A global reference which has the same lifespan as the VM.
 
+typedef py_TValue* py_GlobalRef;
 
+/// A specific location in the value stack of the VM.
 
+typedef py_TValue* py_StackRef;
 
+/// An item reference to a container object. It invalidates when the container is modified.
 
+typedef py_TValue* py_ItemRef;
 
+/// An output reference for returning a value.
 
+typedef py_TValue* py_OutRef;</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>You can store python objects into &quot;stack&quot; or &quot;register&quot;.
 
+We provide 8 registers and you can get references to them by <code translate="no" v-pre>py_reg()</code>.
 
+Also, <code translate="no" v-pre>py_retval()</code> is a special register that is used to store the return value of a <code translate="no" v-pre>py_CFunction</code>.
 
+Registers are shared so they could be overwritten easily.
 
+If you want to store python objects across function calls, you should store them into the stack via <code translate="no" v-pre>py_push()</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>py_pop()</code>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="data-types">Data Types</h2>
 
+<p>You can do conversions between C types and python objects using the following functions:</p>
 
+<div class="table-wrapper scrollbar overflow-hidden">
 
+<table class="comfortable">
 
+<thead>
 
+<tr>
 
+<th>C type</th>
 
+<th>Python type</th>
 
+<th>C to Python</th>
 
+<th>Python to C</th>
 
+</tr>
 
+</thead>
 
+<tbody>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>char,short,int,long</td>
 
+<td>int</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newint()</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_toint()</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>float,double</td>
 
+<td>float</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newfloat()</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_tofloat()</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>py_castfloat()</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>bool</td>
 
+<td>bool</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newbool()</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_tobool()</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>const char*</td>
 
+<td>str</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newstr()</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_tostr()</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>void*,intptr_t</td>
 
+<td>int</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>py_newint()</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>(void*)py_toint()</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+</tbody>
 
+</table>
 
+</div>
 
+<hr>
 
+<h3 id="py_raise-macro"><code translate="no" v-pre>PY_RAISE</code> macro</h3>
 
+<p>Mark a function that can raise an exception on failure.</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>If the function returns <code translate="no" v-pre>bool</code>, then <code translate="no" v-pre>false</code> means an exception is raised.</li>
 
+<li>If the function returns <code translate="no" v-pre>int</code>, then <code translate="no" v-pre>-1</code> means an exception is raised.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="py_return-macro"><code translate="no" v-pre>PY_RETURN</code> macro</h3>
 
+<p>Mark a function that can store a value in <code translate="no" v-pre>py_retval()</code> on success.</p>
 
+<h3 id="py_maybenull-macro"><code translate="no" v-pre>PY_MAYBENULL</code> macro</h3>
 
+<p>Mark a variable or callback function that may be <code translate="no" v-pre>NULL</code>.</p>
 
+
 
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+
 
+    <link id="retype-favicon" rel="icon" href="../static/logo.png" />
 
+    <link href="../resources/css/retype.css?v=4.3.0.827133044009" rel="stylesheet">
 
+
 
+    <script data-cfasync="false" src="../resources/js/config.js?v=4.3.0.827133044009" data-turbo-eval="false" defer></script>
 
+    <script data-cfasync="false" src="../resources/js/retype.js?v=4.3.0" data-turbo-eval="false" defer></script>
 
+    <script id="lunr-js" data-cfasync="false" src="../resources/js/lunr.js?v=4.3.0.827133044009" data-turbo-eval="false" defer></script>
 
+    <script id="prism-js" data-cfasync="false" src="../resources/js/prism.js?v=4.3.0.827133044009" defer></script>
 
+</head>
 
+<body>
 
+    <div id="retype-app" class="relative text-base antialiased text-base-text bg-base-bg font-body">
 
+    <div class="absolute bottom-0 left-0" style="top: 5rem; right: 50%"></div>
 
+
 
+    <header id="retype-header" class="sticky top-0 z-30 flex w-full h-16 bg-header-bg border-b border-header-border md:h-20">
 
+        <div class="container relative flex items-center justify-between pr-6 grow md:justify-start">
 
+            <!-- Mobile menu button skeleton -->
 
+            <button v-cloak class="skeleton retype-mobile-menu-button flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 overflow-hidden dark:text-white focus:outline-hidden rounded-full w-10 h-10 ml-3.5 md:hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px shrink-0" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="M2 4h20v2H2zM2 11h20v2H2zM2 18h20v2H2z"></path></g></svg></button>
 
+            <div v-cloak id="retype-sidebar-left-toggle-button"></div>
 
+    
+            <!-- Logo -->
 
+            <div class="flex items-center justify-between h-full py-2 md:w-75">
 
+                <div class="flex items-center px-2 md:px-6">
 
+                    <a id="retype-branding-logo" href="https://pocketpy.dev/" class="flex items-center leading-snug text-2xl">
 
+                        <span class="w-10 mr-2 grow-0 shrink-0 overflow-hidden">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 dark:hidden md:inline-block" src="../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 hidden dark:inline-block" src="../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                        </span>
 
+                        <span class="dark:text-white font-bold line-clamp-1 md:line-clamp-2">pocketpy</span>
 
+                    </a><span id="retype-branding-label" class="inline-flex mt-1 px-2 py-1 ml-4 text-xs font-medium leading-none items-center rounded-md bg-branding-label-bg text-branding-label-text ring-1 ring-branding-label-border ring-inset md:inline-block">v2.1.8</span>
 
+                </div>
 
+    
+                <span class="hidden h-8 border-r md:inline-block border-base-border"></span>
 
+            </div>
 
+    
+            <div class="flex justify-between md:grow">
 
+                <!-- Top Nav -->
 
+                <nav id="retype-header-nav" class="hidden md:flex">
 
+                    <ul class="flex flex-col mb-4 md:pl-16 md:mb-0 md:flex-row md:items-center">
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Home</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Discord</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+    
+                    </ul>
 
+                </nav>
 
+    
+                <div v-cloak class="flex justify-end grow">
 
+                    <div id="retype-mobile-search-button"></div>
 
+                    <doc-search-desktop></doc-search-desktop>
 
+    
+                    <doc-theme-switch class="lg:ml-2"></doc-theme-switch>
 
+                    <doc-history></doc-history>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </header>
 
+
 
+
 
+    <div id="retype-container" class="container relative flex bg-white">
 
+        <!-- Sidebar Skeleton -->
 
+        <div v-cloak class="fixed flex flex-col shrink-0 duration-300 ease-in-out bg-sidebar-left-bg border-sidebar-left-border sidebar top-20 w-75 border-r h-screen md:sticky transition-transform skeleton">
 
+        
+            <div class="flex items-center h-16 px-6">
 
+                <input id="retype-filter-input-mock" class="w-full h-10 pl-8 px-3 py-2 transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear bg-filter-bg border border-filter-border rounded-lg shadow-none md:text-sm hover:border-filter-border-hover focus:outline-hidden focus:border-filter-border-focus placeholder-filter-placeholder" type="text">
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="pl-6 mt-1 mb-4">
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto bg-transparent dark:border-base-border">
 
+                <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                    <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                </a>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+        
+        <!-- Sidebar component -->
 
+        <doc-sidebar v-cloak>
 
+            <template #sidebar-footer>
 
+                <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto border-t md:bg-transparent md:border-none dark:border-base-border">
 
+        
+                    <div class="py-3 px-6 md:hidden border-b dark:border-base-border">
 
+                        <nav>
 
+                            <ul class="flex flex-wrap justify-center items-center">
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                        <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
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+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="coding-style-guide">Coding Style Guide</h1>
 
+<h2 id="indentation">Indentation</h2>
 
+<p>Use four spaces for indentation. Do not use <code translate="no" v-pre>TAB</code>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="strings">Strings</h2>
 
+<div id="strings-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Prefer single quotes for strings
 
+s = 'this is a string'
 
+
 
+# Use double quotes only if the string itself contains a single quote
 
+s = &quot;this ' is single quote&quot;</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="docstrings">Docstrings</h2>
 
+<p>Always use triple quotes for docstrings.</p>
 
+<div id="docstrings-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def f():
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;This is a multi-line docstring.
 
+
 
+    Here is some content. Docstrings partially support Markdown.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def g():
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;This is a single-line docstring.&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>Use natural language to describe the function&#x27;s purpose. Do not enumerate each parameter and return value.</p>
 
+<div id="docstrings-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Correct
 
+def add(a: int, b: int):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Add two integers `a` and `b`.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+# Incorrect
 
+def add(a: int, b: int):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+    @param a, the first argument
 
+    @param b, the second argument
 
+    @return, the result of a + b
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="spaces">Spaces</h2>
 
+<div id="spaces-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Add a space after `,` or `:`
 
+a, b = 1, 2
 
+c = [1, 2, 3]
 
+d = {'key': 'value'}
 
+
 
+# Spaces may be added around operators
 
+res = 1 + 2
 
+if res &lt; 2: pass
 
+# Spaces can also be selectively added to indicate operator precedence
 
+x = x * 2 - 1
 
+hypot2 = x * x + y * y
 
+c = (a + b) * (a - b)
 
+
 
+# Add a space after `:` in type annotations
 
+def f(a: int, b: float): ...
 
+def g() -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+# Add spaces around `=` when specifying default values in function parameters
 
+def f(a: int = 1, b: int | None = None): ...
 
+# However, omit spaces if the parameter has no type annotation
 
+def f(a=1, b=2): pass
 
+
 
+# Do not add spaces in keyword arguments when calling functions
 
+print(1, 2, 3, end='', sep=',')
 
+f(a=10, b=20)</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="naming-conventions">Naming Conventions</h2>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Classes: <code translate="no" v-pre>CapitalizedWords</code></li>
 
+<li>Functions and variables: <code translate="no" v-pre>lower_case_with_underscores</code></li>
 
+<li>Constants and enums: <code translate="no" v-pre>UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES</code> or <code translate="no" v-pre>CapitalizedWords</code></li>
 
+<li>Anonymous ordered variables: <code translate="no" v-pre>_0</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>_1</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>_2</code></li>
 
+<li>Discarded variables: <code translate="no" v-pre>_</code></li>
 
+<li>Some standard library functions: <code translate="no" v-pre>lowercase</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>Here are some commonly used naming conventions:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>self</code>: The first parameter of an instance method</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>cls</code>: The first parameter of class methods and <code translate="no" v-pre>__new__</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="using-abbreviations">Using Abbreviations</h3>
 
+<p>Use abbreviations only for temporary variables and internal implementations.</p>
 
+<p>Abbreviations should be well-established, include key syllables of the original word, and be immediately recognizable.</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>context</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>ctx</code> (✔)</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>temporary</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>tmp</code> (✔)</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>distribution</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>dist</code> (✔)</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>visited</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>vis</code> (<span class="docs-emoji">&#x274C;</span>)</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<div id="using-abbreviations-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Incorrect: Using abbreviations in public function parameters
 
+def some_pub_fn(ctx, req_id, data):
 
+    pass
 
+
 
+# Correct
 
+def some_public_function(context, request_id, data):
 
+    pass</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="using-precise-terminology">Using Precise Terminology</h3>
 
+<p>Naming should convey precise meanings, especially when multiple synonyms exist.</p>
 
+<p>For example, <code translate="no" v-pre>count</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>size</code>, and <code translate="no" v-pre>length</code> all relate to quantity, but they have different nuances:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>count</code>: Represents a counted value</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>length</code>: Represents the number of elements in a container</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>size</code>: Represents the byte size of an object</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<div id="using-precise-terminology-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">s = 'aaabc⭐'
 
+count = s.count('a')
 
+length = len(s)
 
+size = len(s.encode())
 
+
 
+print(f&quot;{s!r} has a length of {length}, a size of {size} bytes, and contains {count} occurrences of 'a'&quot;)
 
+# 'aaabc⭐' has a length of 6, a size of 8 bytes, and contains 3 occurrences of 'a'</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="using-professional-terminology">Using Professional Terminology</h3>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>For item quantities in a game: <code translate="no" v-pre>quantity</code> is better than <code translate="no" v-pre>item_count</code></li>
 
+<li>For grid counts: <code translate="no" v-pre>area</code> (meaning surface area) is better than <code translate="no" v-pre>grid_count</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="avoiding-built-in-names">Avoiding Built-in Names</h3>
 
+<div id="avoiding-built-in-names-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Incorrect: Overwriting `builtins.map`
 
+map = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
 
+# Incorrect: Overwriting `builtins.type`
 
+type = some_thing.type</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="internal-functions-and-classes">Internal Functions and Classes</h3>
 
+<p>Use a single underscore <code translate="no" v-pre>_</code> as a prefix for internal functions. Never use a double underscore <code translate="no" v-pre>__</code> (except for magic methods).</p>
 
+<div id="internal-functions-and-classes-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def _internal_func():
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;This is an internal function.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+class _InternalClass:
 
+    def _internal_f(self): pass</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="importing-modules">Importing Modules</h2>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>Import standard library modules first.</li>
 
+<li>Then import third-party dependencies.</li>
 
+<li>Finally, import project-specific modules.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<div id="importing-modules-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import Any
 
+from collections import deque
 
+
 
+from array2d import array2d
 
+
 
+from ..utils import logger</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="coding-practices">Coding Practices</h2>
 
+<p>Use <code translate="no" v-pre>is not</code> when checking for <code translate="no" v-pre>None</code>. Do not explicitly compare with <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> or <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code>.</p>
 
+<div id="coding-practices-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Correct
 
+if x is not None: pass
 
+
 
+# Incorrect
 
+if x != None: pass
 
+
 
+# Correct
 
+x = True
 
+if x: pass
 
+if not x: pass
 
+
 
+# Incorrect
 
+if x == True: pass
 
+if x is True: pass
 
+if x != False: pass</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>The <code translate="no" v-pre>if</code> statement implicitly calls <code translate="no" v-pre>bool()</code>, so it can be used to check if a container is empty.</p>
 
+<div id="coding-practices-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">not_empty_list = [1]
 
+not_empty_string = '1'
 
+truth = True
 
+
 
+if not_empty_list:
 
+    print('true value')
 
+
 
+if not_empty_string:
 
+    print('true value')
 
+
 
+if truth:
 
+    print('true value')
 
+
 
+# Explicitly checking for emptiness is also valid
 
+if len(not_empty_list) &gt; 0: pass</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="references">References</h2>
 
+<p><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/">PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code</a></p>
 
+
 
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+                                </svg>
 
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+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
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+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
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+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
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+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="basic-features">Basic Features</h1>
 
+<p>The following table shows the basic features of pkpy with respect to <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython">cpython</a>.</p>
 
+<div class="table-wrapper scrollbar overflow-hidden">
 
+<table class="comfortable">
 
+<thead>
 
+<tr>
 
+<th>Name</th>
 
+<th>Example</th>
 
+<th>Supported</th>
 
+</tr>
 
+</thead>
 
+<tbody>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>If Else</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>if..else..elif</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Loop</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>for/while/break/continue</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Function</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>def f(x,*args,y=1):</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Subclass</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>class A(B):</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>List</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>[1, 2, 'a']</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>ListComp</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>[i for i in range(5)]</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Slice</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a[1:2], a[:2], a[1:]</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Tuple</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>(1, 2, 'a')</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Dict</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>{'a': 1, 'b': 2}</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>F-String</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>f'value is {x}'</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Unpacking</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a, b = 1, 2</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Star Unpacking</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a, *b = [1, 2, 3]</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Exception</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>raise/try..except..</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Dynamic Code</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>eval()/exec()</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Reflection</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>hasattr()/getattr()/setattr()</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Import</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>import/from..import</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Context Block</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>with &lt;expr&gt; as &lt;id&gt;:</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Type Annotation</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>def f(a:int, b:float=1)</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Generator</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>yield i</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Decorator</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>@cache</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Match Case</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>match code: case 200:</code></td>
 
+<td><span class="docs-emoji">&#x2705;</span></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+</tbody>
 
+</table>
 
+</div>
 
+<h2 id="supported-magic-methods">Supported magic methods</h2>
 
+<h4 id="unary-operators">Unary operators</h4>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__repr__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__str__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__hash__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__len__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__iter__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__next__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__neg__</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h4 id="logical-operators">Logical operators</h4>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__eq__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__lt__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__le__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__gt__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__ge__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__contains__</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h4 id="binary-operators">Binary operators</h4>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__add__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__radd__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__sub__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__rsub__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__mul__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__rmul__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__truediv__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__floordiv__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__mod__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__pow__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__matmul__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__lshift__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__rshift__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__and__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__or__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__xor__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__invert__</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h4 id="indexer">Indexer</h4>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__getitem__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__setitem__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__delitem__</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h4 id="specials">Specials</h4>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__new__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__init__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__call__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__divmod__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__enter__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__exit__</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__name__</code></li>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="debugging">Debugging</h1>
 
+<h2 id="install-vscode-extension">Install VSCode Extension</h2>
 
+<p>To debug a pocketpy program, you need to install our VSCode extension first:</p>
 
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=pocketpy.pocketpy">https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=pocketpy.pocketpy</a></p>
 
+<div class="flex mb-6">
 
+    <div class="shrink-0 w-1.5 rounded-tl-lg rounded-bl-lg bg-callout-primary"></div>
 
+    <div class="flex w-full py-4 border border-l-0 rounded-tr-lg rounded-br-lg doc-callout bg-callout-base-bg border-callout-base-border" role="alert">
 
+        <div class="flex items-center ml-4 h-7">
 
+            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px text-callout-primary" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation">
 
+                <g fill="currentColor"><g>
 
+                    <path d="M12 1C5.93 1 1 5.93 1 12s4.93 11 11 11 11-4.93 11-11S18.07 1 12 1zm0 20c-4.96 0-9-4.04-9-9s4.04-9 9-9 9 4.04 9 9-4.04 9-9 9z"></path>
 
+                    <path d="M12 11c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-4c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zM12.01 7c-.56 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1 1-.45 1-1-.45-1-1-1z"></path>
 
+                    <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path>
 
+                </g></g>
 
+            </svg>
 
+        </div>
 
+        <div class="pr-5 ml-3 w-full">
 
+<p>The VSCode extension requires pocketpy version &gt;= <code translate="no" v-pre>2.1.1</code></p>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+</div>
 
+<h2 id="create-a-launchjson-file">Create a <code translate="no" v-pre>launch.json</code> file</h2>
 
+<p>Navigate to the Debug view in VSCode, and click on &quot;create a launch.json file&quot; link.
 
+In the dropdown menu, select &quot;pocketpy&quot;.</p>
 
+<p><figure class="content-center">
 
+    <img src="../../static/debugger/launch_json.png" alt="launch_json" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-image-rounded border-image-border border-image-border-width" width="1654" height="630" />
 
+    <figcaption class="caption">launch_json</figcaption>
 
+</figure>
 
+</p>
 
+<p>Then a default <code translate="no" v-pre>launch.json</code> file will be created in the <code translate="no" v-pre>.vscode</code> folder
 
+with a sample pocketpy debug configuration.</p>
 
+<h2 id="how-does-it-work">How does it work?</h2>
 
+<p>pocketpy provides a C-API <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach</code>,
 
+which starts a debug server and waits for the VSCode extension to attach.
 
+When the debugger is attached, the program will continue to run.</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>If you are using pocketpy&#x27;s standalone executable <code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code>, you can pass <code translate="no" v-pre>--debug</code> flag to it. This will automatically call <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach(&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;, 6110)</code> before running your program.</li>
 
+<li>If you are embedding pocketpy as a library, you need to call <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach</code> manually in your C/C++ code.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h2 id="configuration">Configuration</h2>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>type</code>: must be <code translate="no" v-pre>pocketpy</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>request</code>: can be <code translate="no" v-pre>attach</code> or <code translate="no" v-pre>launch</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>name</code>: the name of this configuration</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>port</code>: the port number of the debug server, must match the one in <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>host</code>: the host of the debug server, must match the one in <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>sourceFolder</code>: the root folder of your python source code, default to <code translate="no" v-pre>${workspaceFolder}</code>. However,
 
+sometimes you may run your program from a subfolder, in this case you need to set <code translate="no" v-pre>sourceFolder</code> to the correct path. If this is not set correctly, breakpoints will not be hit.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>program</code>: (for launch mode only) the path to the executable file which calls <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach</code>, e.g. the pocketpy standalone executable <code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code>.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>args</code>: (for launch mode only) the arguments to pass to the executable file, e.g. <code translate="no" v-pre>--debug</code> and the script path if you are using <code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code>.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>cwd</code>: (for launch mode only) the working directory to launch the executable file, default to <code translate="no" v-pre>${workspaceFolder}</code>.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="for-attach-mode">For attach mode</h3>
 
+<p>In this mode, you need to start your pocketpy program manually which must call <code translate="no" v-pre>py_debugger_waitforattach</code> first.
 
+After the program starts, you can let VSCode attach to the debug server.</p>
 
+<div id="for-attach-mode-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-json"><code v-pre class="language-json">{
 
+    &quot;type&quot;: &quot;pocketpy&quot;,
 
+    &quot;request&quot;: &quot;attach&quot;,
 
+    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Attach to pocketpy program&quot;,
 
+    &quot;port&quot;: 6110,
 
+    &quot;host&quot;: &quot;localhost&quot;,
 
+    &quot;sourceFolder&quot;: &quot;${workspaceFolder}&quot;
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="for-launch-mode">For launch mode</h3>
 
+<p>In this mode, VSCode will start your program with the specified <code translate="no" v-pre>program</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>args</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>cwd</code>.
 
+After the program starts, VSCode attempts to attach to the debug server automatically.</p>
 
+<div id="for-launch-mode-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-json"><code v-pre class="language-json">{
 
+    &quot;type&quot;: &quot;pocketpy&quot;,
 
+    &quot;request&quot;: &quot;launch&quot;,
 
+    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Launch pocketpy program&quot;,
 
+    &quot;port&quot;: 6110,
 
+    &quot;host&quot;: &quot;localhost&quot;,
 
+    &quot;sourceFolder&quot;: &quot;${workspaceFolder}&quot;,
 
+    &quot;program&quot;: &quot;${workspaceFolder}/pocketpy/main.exe&quot;,
 
+    &quot;args&quot;: [
 
+        &quot;--debug&quot;
 
+    ],
 
+    &quot;cwd&quot;: &quot;${workspaceFolder}&quot;
 
+}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="showcase">Showcase</h2>
 
+<p><figure class="content-center">
 
+    <img src="../../static/debugger/debugger_demo.png" alt="debugger_demo" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-image-rounded border-image-border border-image-border-width" width="2560" height="1440" />
 
+    <figcaption class="caption">debugger_demo</figcaption>
 
+</figure>
 
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+        <div id="retype-page-footer" class="print:border-none border-t border-base-border pt-6 mb-8">
 
+            <footer class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between print:justify-center">
 
+                <div id="retype-footer-links" class="print:hidden">
 
+                    <ul class="flex flex-wrap items-center text-sm">
 
+                    </ul>
 
+                </div>
 
+                <div id="retype-copyright" class="print:justify-center py-2 text-footer-text font-footer-link text-sm leading-relaxed"><p>© Copyright 2026 - <a href="https://github.com/blueloveTH">blueloveTH</a> - All rights reserved.</p></div>
 
+            </footer>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+
 
+    <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+    <!-- Sidebar right skeleton-->
 
+    <div v-cloak class="fixed top-0 bottom-0 right-0 translate-x-full bg-sidebar-right-bg border-sidebar-right-border lg:sticky lg:border-l lg:shrink-0 lg:pt-6 lg:translate-x-0 sm:w-1/2 lg:w-64 lg:z-0 md:w-104 sidebar-right skeleton">
 
+        <div class="pl-5">
 
+            <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+
 
+    <!-- User should be able to hide sidebar right -->
 
+    <doc-sidebar-right v-cloak></doc-sidebar-right>
 
+</div>
 
+
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+
 
+    <doc-search-mobile></doc-search-mobile>
 
+    <doc-back-to-top></doc-back-to-top>
 
+</div>
 
+
 
+
 
+    <div id="retype-overlay-target"></div>
 
+
 
+    <script data-cfasync="false">window.__DOCS__ = { "title": "Debugging", level: 2, icon: "file", hasPrism: true, hasMermaid: false, hasMath: false, tocDepth: 23 }</script>
 
+</body>
 
+</html>

+ 338 - 0
features/deploy/index.html
View File 

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
 
+<!DOCTYPE html>
 
+<html lang="en" class="h-full">
 
+<head>
 
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
 
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
 
+    <meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">
 
+    <meta name="turbo-cache-control" content="no-cache" data-turbo-track="reload" data-track-token="4.3.0.827133044009">
 
+
 
+    <!-- See retype.com -->
 
+    <meta name="generator" content="Retype 4.3.0">
 
+
 
+    <!-- Primary Meta Tags -->
 
+    <title>Deploy Bytecodes | Portable Python 3.x Interpreter in Modern C</title>
 
+    <meta name="title" content="Deploy Bytecodes | Portable Python 3.x Interpreter in Modern C">
 
+    <meta name="description" content="The feature requires pocketpy version >= 2.1.7">
 
+
 
+    <!-- Canonical -->
 
+    <link rel="canonical" href="https://pocketpy.dev/features/deploy/">
 
+
 
+    <!-- Open Graph -->
 
+    <meta property="og:type" content="website">
 
+    <meta property="og:url" content="https://pocketpy.dev/features/deploy/">
 
+    <meta property="og:title" content="Deploy Bytecodes | Portable Python 3.x Interpreter in Modern C">
 
+    <meta property="og:description" content="The feature requires pocketpy version >= 2.1.7">
 
+    <meta property="og:site_name" content="pocketpy">
 
+    <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
 
+
 
+    <!-- Twitter -->
 
+    <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
 
+    <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pocketpy.dev/features/deploy/">
 
+    <meta name="twitter:title" content="Deploy Bytecodes | Portable Python 3.x Interpreter in Modern C">
 
+    <meta name="twitter:description" content="The feature requires pocketpy version >= 2.1.7">
 
+
 
+    <script data-cfasync="false">(function(){var cl=document.documentElement.classList,ls=localStorage.getItem("retype_scheme"),hd=cl.contains("dark"),hl=cl.contains("light"),wm=window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches;if(ls==="dark"||(!ls&&wm&&!hd&&!hl)){cl.remove("light");cl.add("dark")}else if(ls==="light"||(!ls&&!wm&&!hd&&!hl)){cl.remove("dark");cl.add("light")}})();</script>
 
+
 
+    <link id="retype-favicon" rel="icon" href="../../static/logo.png" />
 
+    <link href="../../resources/css/retype.css?v=4.3.0.827133044009" rel="stylesheet">
 
+
 
+    <script data-cfasync="false" src="../../resources/js/config.js?v=4.3.0.827133044009" data-turbo-eval="false" defer></script>
 
+    <script data-cfasync="false" src="../../resources/js/retype.js?v=4.3.0" data-turbo-eval="false" defer></script>
 
+    <script id="lunr-js" data-cfasync="false" src="../../resources/js/lunr.js?v=4.3.0.827133044009" data-turbo-eval="false" defer></script>
 
+    <script id="prism-js" data-cfasync="false" src="../../resources/js/prism.js?v=4.3.0.827133044009" defer></script>
 
+</head>
 
+<body>
 
+    <div id="retype-app" class="relative text-base antialiased text-base-text bg-base-bg font-body">
 
+    <div class="absolute bottom-0 left-0" style="top: 5rem; right: 50%"></div>
 
+
 
+    <header id="retype-header" class="sticky top-0 z-30 flex w-full h-16 bg-header-bg border-b border-header-border md:h-20">
 
+        <div class="container relative flex items-center justify-between pr-6 grow md:justify-start">
 
+            <!-- Mobile menu button skeleton -->
 
+            <button v-cloak class="skeleton retype-mobile-menu-button flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 overflow-hidden dark:text-white focus:outline-hidden rounded-full w-10 h-10 ml-3.5 md:hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px shrink-0" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="M2 4h20v2H2zM2 11h20v2H2zM2 18h20v2H2z"></path></g></svg></button>
 
+            <div v-cloak id="retype-sidebar-left-toggle-button"></div>
 
+    
+            <!-- Logo -->
 
+            <div class="flex items-center justify-between h-full py-2 md:w-75">
 
+                <div class="flex items-center px-2 md:px-6">
 
+                    <a id="retype-branding-logo" href="https://pocketpy.dev/" class="flex items-center leading-snug text-2xl">
 
+                        <span class="w-10 mr-2 grow-0 shrink-0 overflow-hidden">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 dark:hidden md:inline-block" src="../../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 hidden dark:inline-block" src="../../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                        </span>
 
+                        <span class="dark:text-white font-bold line-clamp-1 md:line-clamp-2">pocketpy</span>
 
+                    </a><span id="retype-branding-label" class="inline-flex mt-1 px-2 py-1 ml-4 text-xs font-medium leading-none items-center rounded-md bg-branding-label-bg text-branding-label-text ring-1 ring-branding-label-border ring-inset md:inline-block">v2.1.8</span>
 
+                </div>
 
+    
+                <span class="hidden h-8 border-r md:inline-block border-base-border"></span>
 
+            </div>
 
+    
+            <div class="flex justify-between md:grow">
 
+                <!-- Top Nav -->
 
+                <nav id="retype-header-nav" class="hidden md:flex">
 
+                    <ul class="flex flex-col mb-4 md:pl-16 md:mb-0 md:flex-row md:items-center">
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Home</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Discord</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+    
+                    </ul>
 
+                </nav>
 
+    
+                <div v-cloak class="flex justify-end grow">
 
+                    <div id="retype-mobile-search-button"></div>
 
+                    <doc-search-desktop></doc-search-desktop>
 
+    
+                    <doc-theme-switch class="lg:ml-2"></doc-theme-switch>
 
+                    <doc-history></doc-history>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </header>
 
+
 
+
 
+    <div id="retype-container" class="container relative flex bg-white">
 
+        <!-- Sidebar Skeleton -->
 
+        <div v-cloak class="fixed flex flex-col shrink-0 duration-300 ease-in-out bg-sidebar-left-bg border-sidebar-left-border sidebar top-20 w-75 border-r h-screen md:sticky transition-transform skeleton">
 
+        
+            <div class="flex items-center h-16 px-6">
 
+                <input id="retype-filter-input-mock" class="w-full h-10 pl-8 px-3 py-2 transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear bg-filter-bg border border-filter-border rounded-lg shadow-none md:text-sm hover:border-filter-border-hover focus:outline-hidden focus:border-filter-border-focus placeholder-filter-placeholder" type="text">
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="pl-6 mt-1 mb-4">
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto bg-transparent dark:border-base-border">
 
+                <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                    <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                </a>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+        
+        <!-- Sidebar component -->
 
+        <doc-sidebar v-cloak>
 
+            <template #sidebar-footer>
 
+                <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto border-t md:bg-transparent md:border-none dark:border-base-border">
 
+        
+                    <div class="py-3 px-6 md:hidden border-b dark:border-base-border">
 
+                        <nav>
 
+                            <ul class="flex flex-wrap justify-center items-center">
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
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+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
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+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
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+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
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+
 
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+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
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+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="deploy-bytecodes">Deploy Bytecodes</h1>
 
+<div class="flex mb-6">
 
+    <div class="shrink-0 w-1.5 rounded-tl-lg rounded-bl-lg bg-callout-primary"></div>
 
+    <div class="flex w-full py-4 border border-l-0 rounded-tr-lg rounded-br-lg doc-callout bg-callout-base-bg border-callout-base-border" role="alert">
 
+        <div class="flex items-center ml-4 h-7">
 
+            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px text-callout-primary" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation">
 
+                <g fill="currentColor"><g>
 
+                    <path d="M12 1C5.93 1 1 5.93 1 12s4.93 11 11 11 11-4.93 11-11S18.07 1 12 1zm0 20c-4.96 0-9-4.04-9-9s4.04-9 9-9 9 4.04 9 9-4.04 9-9 9z"></path>
 
+                    <path d="M12 11c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-4c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zM12.01 7c-.56 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1 1-.45 1-1-.45-1-1-1z"></path>
 
+                    <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path>
 
+                </g></g>
 
+            </svg>
 
+        </div>
 
+        <div class="pr-5 ml-3 w-full">
 
+<p>The feature requires pocketpy version &gt;= <code translate="no" v-pre>2.1.7</code></p>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+</div>
 
+<p>You can deploy your pocketpy program as <code translate="no" v-pre>.pyc</code> files, which are compiled bytecodes with necessary metadata.
 
+This slightly improves the loading speed of your program.</p>
 
+<p>It also makes your users unable to get your source code directly, unless they do expensive reverse engineering.</p>
 
+<p>To compile a <code translate="no" v-pre>.py</code> file into a <code translate="no" v-pre>.pyc</code> bytecode file, you need the command-line executable <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code>,
 
+which can be simply built by running <code translate="no" v-pre>python cmake_build.py</code> in the repository root.</p>
 
+<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
 
+<p>Once you have <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code> executable, you can run the following command to compile <code translate="no" v-pre>input_file.py</code>:</p>
 
+<div id="example-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">./main --compile input_file.py output_file.pyc</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>Alternatively, you can invoke the <code translate="no" v-pre>compileall.py</code> script in the repository root.
 
+It compiles all <code translate="no" v-pre>.py</code> files in the specified directory into <code translate="no" v-pre>.pyc</code> files.</p>
 
+<div id="example-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">python compileall.py ./main input_path output_path</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="running-pyc-files">Running <code translate="no" v-pre>.pyc</code> files</h2>
 
+<p>The command-line executable <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code> can run <code translate="no" v-pre>.pyc</code> files directly:</p>
 
+<div id="running-pyc-files-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">./main output_file.pyc</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>If you are using C-APIs, you can use the <code translate="no" v-pre>py_execo()</code> function.</p>
 
+<div id="running-pyc-files-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">/// Run a compiled code object.
 
+PK_API bool py_execo(const void* data, int size, const char* filename, py_Ref module) PY_RAISE PY_RETURN;</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="trackback-support">Trackback Support</h2>
 
+<p>Since <code translate="no" v-pre>.pyc</code> files do not contain raw sources,
 
+trackbacks will show line numbers but not the actual source code lines.</p>
 
+
 
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+                            <span>
 
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+                                <span class="block mt-1">Comparison with C​Python</span>
 
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+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
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+                                </svg>
 
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+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="comparison-with-cpython">Comparison with CPython</h1>
 
+<p><a href="https://github.com/python/cpython">cpython</a> is the reference implementation of the Python programming language. It is written in C and is the most widely used implementation of Python.</p>
 
+<h2 id="the-design-goal">The design goal</h2>
 
+<p><strong>pkpy aims to be an alternative to lua for
 
+game scripting, not cpython for general purpose programming.</strong></p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>For syntax and semantics, pkpy is designed to be as close to cpython as possible.</li>
 
+<li>For ecosystem and others, pkpy is not compatible with cpython.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>pkpy supports most of the syntax and semantics of python.
 
+For performance and simplicity, some features are not implemented, or behave differently.
 
+The easiest way to test a feature is to <a href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/">try it on your browser</a>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="unimplemented-features">Unimplemented features</h2>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>Descriptor protocol <code translate="no" v-pre>__get__</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>__set__</code>. However, <code translate="no" v-pre>@property</code> is implemented.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__slots__</code> in class definition.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>else</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>finally</code> clause in try..except.</li>
 
+<li>Inplace methods like <code translate="no" v-pre>__iadd__</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>__imul__</code>.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>__del__</code> in class definition.</li>
 
+<li>Multiple inheritance.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<h2 id="different-behaviors">Different behaviors</h2>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>positional and keyword arguments are strictly evaluated.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>bool</code> does not derive from <code translate="no" v-pre>int</code>. They are independent types.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>int</code> is 64-bit.</li>
 
+<li>Raw string cannot have boundary quotes in it, even escaped. See <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/55">#55</a>.</li>
 
+<li>In a starred unpacked assignment, e.g. <code translate="no" v-pre>a, b, *c = x</code>, the starred variable can only be presented in the last position. <code translate="no" v-pre>a, *b, c = x</code> is not supported.</li>
 
+<li>A <code translate="no" v-pre>Tab</code> is equivalent to 4 spaces. You can mix <code translate="no" v-pre>Tab</code> and spaces in indentation, but it is not recommended.</li>
 
+<li>A return, break, continue in try/except/with block will make the finally block not executed.</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>match</code> is a keyword and <code translate="no" v-pre>match..case</code> is equivalent to <code translate="no" v-pre>if..elif..else</code>.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+
 
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+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
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+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
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+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
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+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="profiling">Profiling</h1>
 
+<p>To profile your pocketpy program, you can run <code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code> with <code translate="no" v-pre>--profile</code> flag.</p>
 
+<p>For example, to profile <code translate="no" v-pre>test/test_math.py</code>, run</p>
 
+<div id="profiling-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">main.exe --profile test/test_math.py</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>This will output a JSON report file named <code translate="no" v-pre>profile_report.json</code> in the current directory,
 
+which records the time spent for each line. To visualize the report, please install our VSCode extension.</p>
 
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=pocketpy.pocketpy">https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=pocketpy.pocketpy</a></p>
 
+<div class="flex mb-6">
 
+    <div class="shrink-0 w-1.5 rounded-tl-lg rounded-bl-lg bg-callout-primary"></div>
 
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+                    <path d="M12 11c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-4c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zM12.01 7c-.56 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1 1-.45 1-1-.45-1-1-1z"></path>
 
+                    <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path>
 
+                </g></g>
 
+            </svg>
 
+        </div>
 
+        <div class="pr-5 ml-3 w-full">
 
+<p>The VSCode extension requires pocketpy version &gt;= <code translate="no" v-pre>2.1.1</code></p>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+</div>
 
+<p>With pocketpy VSCode extension, press <code translate="no" v-pre>F1</code> and type <code translate="no" v-pre>pocketpy: Load Line Profiler Report</code>,
 
+select <strong>1. the <code translate="no" v-pre>profile_report.json</code> file; 2. the source root of the program</strong>. Then you will see a nice visualization of the profiling result.</p>
 
+<p><figure class="content-center">
 
+    <img src="../../static/profiler_demo.png" alt="profiler_report" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-image-rounded border-image-border border-image-border-width" width="1424" height="734" />
 
+    <figcaption class="caption">profiler_report</figcaption>
 
+</figure>
 
+</p>
 
+<p>Press <code translate="no" v-pre>ESC</code> to exit the report view.</p>
 
+
 
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+                </div>
 
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+<h1 id="compute-threads">Compute Threads</h1>
 
+<p>pocketpy organizes its state by <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> structure.
 
+Users can have at maximum 16 <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> instances (index from 0 to 15).
 
+Each <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> instance can only be accessed by exactly one thread at a time.
 
+If you are trying to run two python scripts in parallel refering the same <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> instance,
 
+you will crash it definitely.</p>
 
+<p>However, there are two ways to achieve multi-threading in pocketpy.</p>
 
+<p>One way is to use a native threading library such as <code translate="no" v-pre>pthread</code>.
 
+You can wrap the multi-threading logic into a C function and bind it to pocketpy.
 
+Be careful and not to access the same <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> instance from multiple threads at the same time.
 
+You need to lock critical resources or perform a deep copy of all needed data.</p>
 
+<h2 id="computethread">ComputeThread</h2>
 
+<p>The other way is to use <code translate="no" v-pre>pkpy.ComputeThread</code>.
 
+It is like an isolate in Dart language.
 
+<code translate="no" v-pre>ComputeThread</code> is a true multi-threading model to allow you run python scripts in parallel without lock,
 
+backed by a separate <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> instance.</p>
 
+<p><code translate="no" v-pre>ComputeThread</code> is highly designed for computational intensive tasks in games.
 
+For example, you can run game logic in main thread (VM 0) and run world generation in another thread (e.g. VM 1).</p>
 
+<div class="overflow-hidden mb-6 py-4 dark:px-5 dark:bg-white rounded-md"><pre translate="no" class="mermaid w-full">graph TD
 
+    subgraph Main Thread
 
+        A[Game Start]
 
+        B[Submit WorldGen Job]
 
+        C[Frame 1]
 
+        D[Frame 2]
 
+        E[Frame 3]
 
+        F[...]
 
+        G[Get WorldGen Result]
 
+        H[Render World]
 
+    end
 
+    subgraph WorldGen Thread
 
+        O[Generate Biomes]
 
+        P[Generate Terrain]
 
+        Q[Generate Creatures]
 
+        R[Dump Result]
 
+    end
 
+    A --&gt; B
 
+    B --&gt; C
 
+    C --&gt; D
 
+    D --&gt; E
 
+    E --&gt; F
 
+    F --&gt; G
 
+    G --&gt; H
 
+
 
+    O --&gt; P
 
+    P --&gt; Q
 
+    Q --&gt; R
 
+
 
+    B --&gt; O
 
+    R --&gt; G</pre></div>
 
+<h4 id="mainpy"><code translate="no" v-pre>main.py</code></h4>
 
+<div id="mainpy-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">import time
 
+from pkpy import ComputeThread
 
+
 
+thread = ComputeThread(1)
 
+print(&quot;Game Start&quot;)
 
+
 
+# import worldgen.py
 
+thread.exec('from worldgen import gen_world')
 
+
 
+print(&quot;Submit WorldGen Job&quot;)
 
+thread.submit_call('gen_world', 3, (100, 100), 10)
 
+
 
+# wait for worldgen to finish
 
+for i in range(1, 100000):
 
+    print('Frame:', i)
 
+    time.sleep(1)
 
+    if thread.is_done:
 
+        break
 
+
 
+error = thread.last_error()
 
+if error is not None:
 
+    print(&quot;Error:&quot;, error)
 
+else:
 
+    retval = thread.last_retval()
 
+    biomes = retval['biomes']
 
+    terrain = retval['terrain']
 
+    creatures = retval['creatures']
 
+    print(&quot;World Generation Complete&quot;, len(biomes), len(terrain), len(creatures))</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h4 id="worldgenpy"><code translate="no" v-pre>worldgen.py</code></h4>
 
+<div id="worldgenpy-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">import time
 
+import random
 
+
 
+def gen_world(biome_count: int, terrain_size: tuple[int, int], creature_count: int) -&gt; dict:
 
+    # simulate a long computation
 
+    time.sleep(3)
 
+
 
+    # generate world data
 
+    all_biomes = [&quot;forest&quot;, &quot;desert&quot;, &quot;ocean&quot;, &quot;mountain&quot;, &quot;swamp&quot;]
 
+    all_creatures = [&quot;wolf&quot;, &quot;bear&quot;, &quot;fish&quot;, &quot;bird&quot;, &quot;lizard&quot;]
 
+
 
+    width, height = terrain_size
 
+
 
+    terrain_data = [
 
+        random.randint(1, 10)
 
+        for _ in range(width * height)
 
+    ]
 
+
 
+    creatures = [
 
+        {
 
+            &quot;name&quot;: random.choice(all_creatures),
 
+            &quot;x&quot;: random.randint(0, width - 1),
 
+            &quot;y&quot;: random.randint(0, height - 1),
 
+        }
 
+        for i in range(creature_count)
 
+    ]
 
+
 
+    return {
 
+        &quot;biomes&quot;: all_biomes[:biome_count],
 
+        &quot;terrain&quot;: terrain_data,
 
+        &quot;creatures&quot;: creatures,
 
+    }</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>Run <code translate="no" v-pre>main.py</code> and you will see the result like this:</p>
 
+<div id="worldgenpy-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">Game Start
 
+Submit WorldGen Job
 
+Frame: 1
 
+Frame: 2
 
+Frame: 3
 
+Frame: 4
 
+World Generation Complete 3 10000 10</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p><code translate="no" v-pre>ComputeThread</code> uses <code translate="no" v-pre>pickle</code> module to serialize the data between threads.
 
+Parameters and return values must be supported by <code translate="no" v-pre>pickle</code>.
 
+See <a href="https://pocketpy.dev/modules/pickle/">pickle</a> for more details.</p>
 
+<p>Since <code translate="no" v-pre>ComputeThread</code> is backed by a separate <code translate="no" v-pre>VM</code> instance,
 
+it does not share any state with the main thread
 
+except for the parameters you pass to it.
 
+Therefore, common python modules will be imported twice in each thread.</p>
 
+<p>If you want to identify which VM instance the module is running in,
 
+you can call <code translate="no" v-pre>pkpy.currentvm</code> or let your <code translate="no" v-pre>ComputeThread</code> set some special flags
 
+before importing these modules.</p>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="application-guide">Application Guide</h1>
 
+<p>Before starting, please read the <a href="../ideas/">Ideas</a> page and choose a project you are interested in.
 
+Set up a C++ compiler, clone pocketpy sources from github and try to build.
 
+This helps you confirm that your skills and experience match the requirements of the project.</p>
 
+<h3 id="build-guide-for-beginners">Build guide for beginners</h3>
 
+<p>First, you need to install these tools:</p>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>Python(&gt;= 3.8), I am sure you already have it.</li>
 
+<li>A C++ compiler, such as GCC, Clang or MSVC. If you are on Linux, <code translate="no" v-pre>gcc</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>g++</code> are already installed. If you are on Windows, you can install Visual Studio with C++ development tools.</li>
 
+<li>CMake(&gt;= 3.10), a cross-platform build tool. You can use <code translate="no" v-pre>pip install cmake</code> to install it.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<p>Then, clone pocketpy sources from github and try to build:</p>
 
+<div id="build-guide-for-beginners-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">git clone https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy
 
+cd pocketpy
 
+
 
+python cmake_build.py</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>If everything goes well, you will get a <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code> executable (<code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code> on Windows) in the root directory of pocketpy.
 
+Simply run it and you will enter pocketpy&#x27;s REPL.</p>
 
+<div id="build-guide-for-beginners-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">pocketpy 1.4.0 (Jan 24 2024, 12:39:13) [32 bit] on emscripten
 
+https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy
 
+Type &quot;exit()&quot; to exit.
 
+&gt;&gt;&gt;
 
+&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;Hello, world&quot;
 
+'Hello, world'</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="application-guide">Application guide</h3>
 
+<p><strong>Your need to send an email to <code translate="no" v-pre>blueloveth@foxmail.com</code> with the following information:</strong></p>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>A brief introduction about yourself, including the most related open sourced project you have worked on before. It is highly recommended to attach your Github profile link.</li>
 
+<li>A technical proposal for the project you are interested in working on, including:
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Your understanding of the project.</li>
 
+<li>The technical approach/architecture you will adopt.</li>
 
+<li>The challenges you might face and how you will overcome them.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+</li>
 
+<li>A timeline for the project, including the milestones and deliverables.</li>
 
+<li>Other information required by the Google Summer of Code program.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<h3 id="coding-style-guide">Coding style guide</h3>
 
+<p>See <a href="../../coding-style-guide/">Coding Style Guide</a>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="contact-us">Contact us</h3>
 
+<p>If you have any questions, you can join our <a href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv">Discord</a>
 
+or contact me via email.
 
+We are glad to help you with your application.</p>
 
+
 
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+<h1 id="project-ideas">Project Ideas</h1>
 
+<h3 id="implement-pybind11-for-bindings">Implement pybind11 for bindings</h3>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Difficulty Level: 5/5 (Hard)</li>
 
+<li>Skill: Advanced C++ with metaprogramming; Python</li>
 
+<li>Project Length: Medium (175 hours)</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<blockquote>
 
+<p><a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2024/projects/Ji2Mi97o">https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2024/projects/Ji2Mi97o</a></p>
 
+</blockquote>
 
+<p>pocketpy has provided a low-level API for creating bindings. It is fast, lightweight and easy to debug.
 
+However, it still requires a lot of boilerplate code to create bindings for complex C++ classes.
 
+The community has long expected a high-level API for creating bindings.</p>
 
+<p><a href="https://github.com/pybind/pybind11">pybind11</a>
 
+is the most popular C++ library for creating Python bindings for CPython. A bunch of Python libraries are using it. pybind11 adopts a template metaprogramming approach to automatically generate bindings for C++ classes.</p>
 
+<p>Our goal is to introduce a pybind11 compatible solution to pocketpy as an alternative way to create bindings
 
+for functions and classes.
 
+You can use C++17 features to implement it, instead of C++11 used in pybind11.</p>
 
+<p>See <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/216">https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/216</a> for more details.</p>
 
+<h3 id="add-numpy-module">Add <code translate="no" v-pre>numpy</code> module</h3>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Difficulty Level: 4/5 (Intermediate)</li>
 
+<li>Skill: Intermediate C++; Python; Linear Algebra</li>
 
+<li>Project Length: Medium (175 hours)</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<blockquote>
 
+<p><a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2024/projects/sJLuASSP">https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2024/projects/sJLuASSP</a></p>
 
+</blockquote>
 
+<p>Though pocketpy is designed for game scripting,
 
+some people are using it for scientific computing.
 
+It would be nice to have a <code translate="no" v-pre>numpy</code> module in pocketpy.</p>
 
+<p><code translate="no" v-pre>numpy</code> is a huge project.
 
+Our goal is to implement a most commonly used subset of <code translate="no" v-pre>numpy</code> in pocketpy.
 
+You can mix C++ and Python code to simplify the overall workloads.</p>
 
+<p>See <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/202">https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/202</a> for more details.</p>
 
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+<h1 id="application-guide">Application Guide</h1>
 
+<p>Before starting, please read the <a href="../ideas/">Ideas</a> page and choose a project you are interested in.
 
+Set up a C11 compiler, clone pocketpy sources from github and try to build.
 
+This helps you confirm that your skills and experience match the requirements of the project.</p>
 
+<h3 id="build-guide-for-beginners">Build guide for beginners</h3>
 
+<p>First, you need to install these tools:</p>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>Python(&gt;= 3.8), I am sure you already have it.</li>
 
+<li>A C11 compiler, such as GCC, Clang or MSVC. If you are on Linux, <code translate="no" v-pre>gcc</code> is already installed. If you are on Windows, you can install Visual Studio with C/C++ development tools.</li>
 
+<li>CMake(&gt;= 3.10), a cross-platform build tool. You can use <code translate="no" v-pre>pip install cmake</code> to install it.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<p>Then, clone pocketpy sources from github and try to build:</p>
 
+<div id="build-guide-for-beginners-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">git clone https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy
 
+cd pocketpy
 
+
 
+python cmake_build.py</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>If everything goes well, you will get a <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code> executable (<code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code> on Windows) in the root directory of pocketpy.
 
+Simply run it and you will enter pocketpy&#x27;s REPL.</p>
 
+<div id="build-guide-for-beginners-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">pocketpy 2.0.5 (Jan 17 2025, 14:36:15) [64 bit] on darwin
 
+https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy
 
+Type &quot;exit()&quot; to exit.
 
+&gt;&gt;&gt; 
+&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;Hello, world&quot;
 
+'Hello, world'</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="application-guide">Application guide</h3>
 
+<p><strong>Your need to send an email to <code translate="no" v-pre>blueloveth@foxmail.com</code> with the following information:</strong></p>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>A brief introduction about yourself, including the most related open sourced project you have worked on before. It is highly recommended to attach your Github profile link.</li>
 
+<li>A technical proposal for the project you are interested in working on, including:
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Your understanding of the project.</li>
 
+<li>The technical approach/architecture you will adopt.</li>
 
+<li>The challenges you might face and how you will overcome them.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+</li>
 
+<li>A timeline for the project, including the milestones and deliverables.</li>
 
+<li>Other information required by the Google Summer of Code program.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<h3 id="coding-style-guide">Coding style guide</h3>
 
+<p>See <a href="../../coding-style-guide/">Coding Style Guide</a>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="contact-us">Contact us</h3>
 
+<p>If you have any questions, you can join our <a href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv">Discord</a>
 
+or contact me via email.
 
+We are glad to help you with your application.</p>
 
+
 
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+<h1 id="project-ideas">Project Ideas</h1>
 
+<h3 id="vscode-plugin-for-debugging-pocketpy-applications">VSCode plugin for debugging pocketpy applications</h3>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Difficulty Level: 3/5 (Medium)</li>
 
+<li>Skill: TypeScript; C</li>
 
+<li>Project Length: Medium</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>Community users have reported that there is no convenient way to debug python applications interpreted by pocketpy. Fortunately, VSCode provides a mechanism of <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/api/extension-guides/debugger-extension">Debugger Extension</a> that allows us to integrate pocketpy debugger into VSCode UI through Debug Adapter Protocol (DAP).</p>
 
+<p>This project aims to develop a VSCode plugin like <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.debugpy">Python Debugger</a>, which implements DAP for pocketpy. With this plugin, users can launch their pocketpy applications in VSCode with breakpoints, call stacks, and variable inspection. Students with experience in TypeScript will be helpful for this project.</p>
 
+<h3 id="develop-math-operators-for-ctensor-library">Develop math operators for <code translate="no" v-pre>cTensor</code> library</h3>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Difficulty Level: 4/5 (Hard)</li>
 
+<li>Skill: C; Further Mathematics</li>
 
+<li>Project Length: Small or Medium</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>pocketpy is providing a tensor library <code translate="no" v-pre>cTensor</code> for users who want to integrate neural networks into their applications. <code translate="no" v-pre>cTensor</code> implements automatic differentiation and dynamic compute graph. It allows users to train and deploy neural networks on client-side devices like mobile phones and microcontrollers (e.g. ESP32-C3). We have a runable prototype located at <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/cTensor">pocketpy/cTensor</a>. But math operators have not been implemented yet.</p>
 
+<p>In this project, students will develop forward and backward math operators, as well as basic neural network layers and optimizers (e.g. SGD, Adam). The project is written in C11.
 
+We expect students to have a good understanding of further mathematics and C programming.</p>
 
+<blockquote>
 
+<p>This year we also accept custom project ideas. If you are not interested in the above, you can propose your own idea and contact me via <code translate="no" v-pre>blueloveth@foxmail.com</code>. We will discuss the feasibility and mentorship for your idea.</p>
 
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+<h1 id="application-guide">Application Guide</h1>
 
+<p>Welcome to the Google Summer of Code 2026 application guide for pocketpy.
 
+We are recruiting a student who is passionate about vibe coding and mobile game development.</p>
 
+<p>See <a href="../ideas/">Project Ideas</a> for more details about the project.</p>
 
+<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
 
+<p>To apply for this project, you need to satisfy the following prerequisites:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>You are a student enrolled in an accredited institution (university, college, etc.) pursuing a degree in computer science or a related field. And this is your first time participating in Google Summer of Code.</li>
 
+<li>You have interest in vibe coding and mobile game development.</li>
 
+<li>You are experienced in <a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> and backend technologies, such as <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/">FastAPI</a> or <a href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/">Flask</a>.</li>
 
+<li>You are glad to learn game engines like <a href="https://godotengine.org/">Godot</a>.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h2 id="application-steps">Application steps</h2>
 
+<h3 id="step-1">Step 1</h3>
 
+<p>If you think you meet the prerequisites,
 
+send an email to <code translate="no" v-pre>blueloveth@foxmail.com</code> with the following information.</p>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>A brief introduction about yourself, including the most related open sourced project you have worked on before. It is highly recommended to attach your Github profile link.</li>
 
+<li>Your understanding of this project and why you are capable of completing it.</li>
 
+<li>Your free time during the whole GSoC period (From 2026-03-01 to 2026-08-31).</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<h3 id="step-2">Step 2</h3>
 
+<p>After you get a positive reply from us,
 
+you need to complete 1~2 pull requests to pocketpy&#x27;s repository on GitHub.
 
+This is mandatory as it demonstrates your coding skills and commitment to the project.
 
+We will provide you a few good first issues to work on.</p>
 
+<h3 id="step-3">Step 3</h3>
 
+<p>Once your pull requests are merged,
 
+we will guide you to write a full proposal
 
+for the project you are going to work on during GSoC 2026.
 
+This proposal will be submitted to Google for review.</p>
 
+<h2 id="build-guide-for-pocketpy">Build guide for pocketpy</h2>
 
+<p>First, you need to install these tools:</p>
 
+<ol>
 
+<li>Python(&gt;= 3.8), I am sure you already have it.</li>
 
+<li>A C11 compiler, such as GCC, Clang or MSVC. If you are on Linux, <code translate="no" v-pre>gcc</code> is already installed. If you are on Windows, you can install Visual Studio with C/C++ development tools.</li>
 
+<li>CMake(&gt;= 3.10), a cross-platform build tool. You can use <code translate="no" v-pre>pip install cmake</code> to install it.</li>
 
+</ol>
 
+<p>Then, clone pocketpy sources from github and try to build:</p>
 
+<div id="build-guide-for-pocketpy-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">git clone https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy
 
+cd pocketpy
 
+
 
+python cmake_build.py</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>If everything goes well, you will get a <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code> executable (<code translate="no" v-pre>main.exe</code> on Windows) in the root directory of pocketpy.
 
+Simply run it and you will enter pocketpy&#x27;s REPL.</p>
 
+<div id="build-guide-for-pocketpy-code-2" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">pocketpy 2.1.7 (Jan  7 2026, 16:42:45) [64 bit] on darwin
 
+https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy
 
+Type &quot;exit()&quot; to exit.
 
+&gt;&gt;&gt; 
+&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;Hello, world&quot;
 
+'Hello, world'</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="coding-style-guide">Coding style guide</h2>
 
+<p>See <a href="../../coding-style-guide/">Coding Style Guide</a>.</p>
 
+
 
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+<h1 id="project-ideas">Project Ideas</h1>
 
+<h2 id="idea-title">Idea Title</h2>
 
+<p>Build a Vibe Coding Agent in Python for Creating Games</p>
 
+<h2 id="project-size">Project Size</h2>
 
+<p>Medium</p>
 
+<h2 id="related-skills">Related Skills</h2>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>CPython</li>
 
+<li>Agentic Programming</li>
 
+<li>Prompt Engineering</li>
 
+<li>Game Engines</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
 
+<p>pocketpy is an organization dedicated to creating game development tools in Python language.
 
+Nowadays, vibe coding has become a popular approach for rapid game development, allowing developers to create games quickly and efficiently by leveraging language models and agentic programming techniques.</p>
 
+<p>For Google Summer of Code 2026, we are looking for a student to develop a vibe coding agent that can assist developers in creating games.
 
+This agent is composed of two main components,
 
+backend and frontend.</p>
 
+<p>The backend part should be developed in CPython,
 
+which is composed of the following modules:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Virtual Container. The agent needs to create a virtual linux container for each vibe coding project. This module provides management for users&#x27; sources and assets inside the container.</li>
 
+<li>AI Service Provider. This module is responsible for communicating with AI service providers, such as OpenAI, to generate code and assets based on user prompts.</li>
 
+<li>Persistent Memory. This module stores the state of each vibe coding project, including project progress, user preferences, and other relevant information.</li>
 
+<li>Agentic Core. This module uses Persistent Memory and AI Service Provider to implement the agentic programming logic, enabling the agent to understand user prompts and generate appropriate code and assets.</li>
 
+<li>Game Engine Integration.</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>For more details, we will discuss with the selected student during the community bonding period.</p>
 
+
 
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+                        </span>
 
+                        <span class="dark:text-white font-bold line-clamp-1 md:line-clamp-2">pocketpy</span>
 
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+                </div>
 
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+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
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+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
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+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="welcome-to-pocketpy">Welcome to pocketpy</h1>
 
+<p>pocketpy is a portable Python 3.x interpreter, written in C11.
 
+It aims to be an alternative to Lua for game scripting, with elegant syntax, powerful features and competitive performance.
 
+pocketpy has no dependencies other than the C standard library, which can be easily integrated into your C/C++ project.
 
+Developers are able to write Python bindings via C-API or pybind11 compatible interfaces.</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><a href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/">Live Python Demo</a>: Run Python code in your browser</li>
 
+<li><a href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/">Live C Examples</a>: Explore C-APIs in your browser</li>
 
+<li><a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/godot-pocketpy">Godot Extension</a>: Use pocketpy in Godot Engine</li>
 
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=pocketpy.pocketpy">VSCode Extension</a>: Debug and profile pocketpy scripts in VSCode</li>
 
+<li><a href="https://pub.dev/packages/pocketpy">Flutter Plugin</a>: Use pocketpy in Flutter apps</li>
 
+<li><a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/raylib-bindings">Raylib Bindings</a>: Use raylib with pocketpy</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h2 id="what-it-looks-like">What it looks like</h2>
 
+<div id="what-it-looks-like-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def is_prime(x):
 
+  if x &lt; 2:
 
+    return False
 
+  for i in range(2, x):
 
+    if x % i == 0:
 
+      return False
 
+  return True
 
+
 
+primes = [i for i in range(2, 20) if is_prime(i)]
 
+print(primes)
 
+# [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19]</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="supported-platforms">Supported platforms</h2>
 
+<p>pkpy should work on any platform with a C11 compiler.
 
+These platforms are officially tested.</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li>Windows 64-bit</li>
 
+<li>Linux 64-bit / 32-bit</li>
 
+<li>macOS 64-bit</li>
 
+<li>Android 64-bit / 32-bit</li>
 
+<li>iOS 64-bit</li>
 
+<li>Emscripten 32-bit</li>
 
+<li>Raspberry Pi OS 64-bit</li>
 
+<li><a href="https://github.com/LuckfoxTECH/luckfox-pico">Luckfox Pico SDK</a> 32-bit</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>On Windows platform, only MSVC compiler is officially supported.</p>
 
+<h2 id="star-the-repo">Star the repo</h2>
 
+<p>If you find pkpy useful, consider <a href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy">star this repository</a> (●&#x27;◡&#x27;●)</p>
 
+<h2 id="sponsor-this-project">Sponsor this project</h2>
 
+<p>You can sponsor this project via these ways.</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><a href="https://github.com/sponsors/blueloveTH">Github Sponsors</a></li>
 
+<li><a href="https://www.buymeacoffee.com/blueloveth">Buy me a coffee</a></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>Your sponsorship will help us develop pkpy continuously.</p>
 
+<h2 id="upgrade-to-v20">Upgrade to v2.0</h2>
 
+<p>pkpy v2.0 is a C11 project instead of C++17. All your existing code for v1.x won&#x27;t work anymore.</p>
 
+<p>We provide two API sets for v2.0, C-API and pybind11 API (C++17). If you are a C user, use the C-API. If you are a C++ user, use the pybind11 API.</p>
 
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+<h1 id="array2d">array2d</h1>
 
+<p>Efficient general-purpose 2D array.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import Callable, Literal, overload, Iterator, Self
 
+from vmath import vec2i, color32
 
+
 
+Neighborhood = Literal['Moore', 'von Neumann']
 
+
 
+class array2d_like[T]:
 
+    @property
 
+    def n_cols(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def n_rows(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def width(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def height(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def shape(self) -&gt; vec2i: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def numel(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def is_valid(self, col: int, row: int) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def is_valid(self, pos: vec2i) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+
 
+    def get[R](self, col: int, row: int, default: R = None) -&gt; T | R:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Get the value at the given position.
 
+
 
+        If the position is out of bounds, returns the default value.
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def index(self, value: T) -&gt; vec2i:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Get the position of the first occurrence of the given value.
 
+
 
+        Raises `ValueError` if the value is not found.
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def render(self) -&gt; str: ...
 
+    def render_with_color(self, fg: array2d_like[color32 | None], bg: array2d_like[color32 | None]) -&gt; str: ...
 
+
 
+    def all(self: array2d_like[bool]) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+    def any(self: array2d_like[bool]) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+
 
+    def map[R](self, f: Callable[[T], R]) -&gt; array2d[R]: ...
 
+    def apply(self, f: Callable[[T], T]) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    def zip_with[R, U](self, other: array2d_like[U], f: Callable[[T, U], R]) -&gt; array2d[R]: ...
 
+    def copy(self) -&gt; 'array2d[T]': ...
 
+    def tolist(self) -&gt; list[list[T]]: ...
 
+
 
+    def __le__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[bool]: ...
 
+    def __lt__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[bool]: ...
 
+    def __ge__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[bool]: ...
 
+    def __gt__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[bool]: ...
 
+    def __eq__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[bool]: ...  # type: ignore
 
+    def __ne__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[bool]: ...  # type: ignore
 
+
 
+    def __add__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __sub__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __mul__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __truediv__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __mod__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __pow__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+
 
+    def __and__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __or__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __xor__(self, other: T | array2d_like[T]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+    def __invert__(self) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+
 
+    def __iter__(self) -&gt; Iterator[tuple[vec2i, T]]: ...
 
+    def __repr__(self) -&gt; str: ...
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index: vec2i) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index: tuple[int, int]) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index: tuple[slice, slice]) -&gt; array2d_view[T]: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index: tuple[slice, int] | tuple[int, slice]) -&gt; array2d_view[T]: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __getitem__(self, mask: array2d_like[bool]) -&gt; list[T]: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __setitem__(self, index: vec2i, value: T): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __setitem__(self, index: tuple[int, int], value: T): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __setitem__(self, index: tuple[slice, slice], value: T | 'array2d_like[T]'): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __setitem__(self, index: tuple[slice, int] | tuple[int, slice], value: T | 'array2d_like[T]'): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __setitem__(self, mask: array2d_like[bool], value: T): ...
 
+
 
+    # algorithms
 
+    def count(self, value: T) -&gt; int:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Count the number of cells with the given value.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def count_neighbors(self, value: T, neighborhood: Neighborhood) -&gt; array2d[int]:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Count the number of neighbors with the given value for each cell.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def get_bounding_rect(self, value: T) -&gt; tuple[int, int, int, int]:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Get the bounding rectangle of the given value.
 
+
 
+        Returns a tuple `(x, y, width, height)` or raise `ValueError` if the value is not found.
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def convolve(self: array2d_like[int], kernel: array2d_like[int], padding: int) -&gt; array2d[int]:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Convolve the array with the given kernel.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def get_connected_components(self, value: T, neighborhood: Neighborhood) -&gt; tuple[array2d[int], int]:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Get connected components of the grid via BFS algorithm.
 
+
 
+        Returns the `visited` array and the number of connected components,
 
+        where `0` means unvisited, and non-zero means the index of the connected component.
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+
 
+class array2d_view[T](array2d_like[T]):
 
+    @property
 
+    def origin(self) -&gt; vec2i: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+class array2d[T](array2d_like[T]):
 
+    def __new__(
 
+            cls,
 
+            n_cols: int,
 
+            n_rows: int,
 
+            default: T | Callable[[vec2i], T] | None = None
 
+            ): ...
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def fromlist(data: list[list[T]]) -&gt; array2d[T]: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+class chunked_array2d[T, TContext]:
 
+    def __new__(
 
+            cls,
 
+            chunk_size: int,
 
+            default: T | None = None,
 
+            auto_add_chunk: bool = True,
 
+            ): ...
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def chunk_size(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index: vec2i) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    def __setitem__(self, index: vec2i, value: T): ...
 
+    def __iter__(self) -&gt; Iterator[tuple[vec2i, TContext]]: ...
 
+    def __len__(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def clear(self) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    def copy(self) -&gt; Self: ...
 
+
 
+    def world_to_chunk(self, world_pos: vec2i) -&gt; tuple[vec2i, vec2i]:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Converts world position to chunk position and local position.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def add_chunk(self, chunk_pos: vec2i, context: TContext | None) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    def remove_chunk(self, chunk_pos: vec2i) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+    def move_chunk(self, src_chunk_pos: vec2i, dst_chunk_pos: vec2i) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+    def get_context(self, chunk_pos: vec2i) -&gt; TContext | None: ...
 
+
 
+    def view(self) -&gt; array2d_view[T]: ...
 
+    def view_rect(self, pos: vec2i, width: int, height: int) -&gt; array2d_view[T]: ...
 
+    def view_chunk(self, chunk_pos: vec2i) -&gt; array2d_view[T]: ...
 
+    def view_chunks(self, chunk_pos: vec2i, width: int, height: int) -&gt; array2d_view[T]: ...</code></pre>
 
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+<h1 id="bisect">bisect</h1>
 
+<h3 id="bisectbisect_lefta-x"><code translate="no" v-pre>bisect.bisect_left(a, x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the index where to insert item <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> in list <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code>, assuming <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> is sorted.</p>
 
+<h3 id="bisectbisect_righta-x"><code translate="no" v-pre>bisect.bisect_right(a, x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the index where to insert item <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> in list <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code>, assuming <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> is sorted.</p>
 
+<h3 id="bisectinsort_lefta-x"><code translate="no" v-pre>bisect.insort_left(a, x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Insert item <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> in list <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code>, and keep it sorted assuming <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> is sorted.</p>
 
+<p>If x is already in a, insert it to the left of the leftmost x.</p>
 
+<h3 id="bisectinsort_righta-x"><code translate="no" v-pre>bisect.insort_right(a, x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Insert item <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> in list <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code>, and keep it sorted assuming <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> is sorted.</p>
 
+<p>If x is already in a, insert it to the right of the rightmost x.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">&quot;&quot;&quot;Bisection algorithms.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def insort_right(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Insert item x in list a, and keep it sorted assuming a is sorted.
 
+
 
+    If x is already in a, insert it to the right of the rightmost x.
 
+
 
+    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
 
+    slice of a to be searched.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    lo = bisect_right(a, x, lo, hi)
 
+    a.insert(lo, x)
 
+
 
+def bisect_right(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return the index where to insert item x in list a, assuming a is sorted.
 
+
 
+    The return value i is such that all e in a[:i] have e &lt;= x, and all e in
 
+    a[i:] have e &gt; x.  So if x already appears in the list, a.insert(x) will
 
+    insert just after the rightmost x already there.
 
+
 
+    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
 
+    slice of a to be searched.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    if lo &lt; 0:
 
+        raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')
 
+    if hi is None:
 
+        hi = len(a)
 
+    while lo &lt; hi:
 
+        mid = (lo+hi)//2
 
+        if x &lt; a[mid]: hi = mid
 
+        else: lo = mid+1
 
+    return lo
 
+
 
+def insort_left(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Insert item x in list a, and keep it sorted assuming a is sorted.
 
+
 
+    If x is already in a, insert it to the left of the leftmost x.
 
+
 
+    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
 
+    slice of a to be searched.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    lo = bisect_left(a, x, lo, hi)
 
+    a.insert(lo, x)
 
+
 
+
 
+def bisect_left(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return the index where to insert item x in list a, assuming a is sorted.
 
+
 
+    The return value i is such that all e in a[:i] have e &lt; x, and all e in
 
+    a[i:] have e &gt;= x.  So if x already appears in the list, a.insert(x) will
 
+    insert just before the leftmost x already there.
 
+
 
+    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
 
+    slice of a to be searched.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    if lo &lt; 0:
 
+        raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')
 
+    if hi is None:
 
+        hi = len(a)
 
+    while lo &lt; hi:
 
+        mid = (lo+hi)//2
 
+        if a[mid] &lt; x: lo = mid+1
 
+        else: hi = mid
 
+    return lo
 
+
 
+# Create aliases
 
+bisect = bisect_right
 
+insort = insort_right</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
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+<h1 id="cmath">cmath</h1>
 
+<p>Mathematical functions for complex numbers.</p>
 
+<p><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/cmath.html">https://docs.python.org/3/library/cmath.html</a></p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">import math
 
+
 
+class complex:
 
+    def __init__(self, real, imag=0):
 
+        self._real = float(real)
 
+        self._imag = float(imag)
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def real(self):
 
+        return self._real
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def imag(self):
 
+        return self._imag
 
+
 
+    def conjugate(self):
 
+        return complex(self.real, -self.imag)
 
+
 
+    def __repr__(self):
 
+        s = ['(', str(self.real)]
 
+        s.append('-' if self.imag &lt; 0 else '+')
 
+        s.append(str(abs(self.imag)))
 
+        s.append('j)')
 
+        return ''.join(s)
 
+
 
+    def __eq__(self, other):
 
+        if type(other) is complex:
 
+            return self.real == other.real and self.imag == other.imag
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return self.real == other and self.imag == 0
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __ne__(self, other):
 
+        res = self == other
 
+        if res is NotImplemented:
 
+            return res
 
+        return not res
 
+
 
+    def __add__(self, other):
 
+        if type(other) is complex:
 
+            return complex(self.real + other.real, self.imag + other.imag)
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return complex(self.real + other, self.imag)
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __radd__(self, other):
 
+        return self.__add__(other)
 
+
 
+    def __sub__(self, other):
 
+        if type(other) is complex:
 
+            return complex(self.real - other.real, self.imag - other.imag)
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return complex(self.real - other, self.imag)
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
 
+        if type(other) is complex:
 
+            return complex(other.real - self.real, other.imag - self.imag)
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return complex(other - self.real, -self.imag)
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __mul__(self, other):
 
+        if type(other) is complex:
 
+            return complex(self.real * other.real - self.imag * other.imag,
 
+                           self.real * other.imag + self.imag * other.real)
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return complex(self.real * other, self.imag * other)
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
 
+        return self.__mul__(other)
 
+
 
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
 
+        if type(other) is complex:
 
+            denominator = other.real ** 2 + other.imag ** 2
 
+            real_part = (self.real * other.real + self.imag * other.imag) / denominator
 
+            imag_part = (self.imag * other.real - self.real * other.imag) / denominator
 
+            return complex(real_part, imag_part)
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return complex(self.real / other, self.imag / other)
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __pow__(self, other: int | float):
 
+        if type(other) in (int, float):
 
+            return complex(self.__abs__() ** other * math.cos(other * phase(self)),
 
+                           self.__abs__() ** other * math.sin(other * phase(self)))
 
+        return NotImplemented
 
+
 
+    def __abs__(self) -&gt; float:
 
+        return math.sqrt(self.real ** 2 + self.imag ** 2)
 
+
 
+    def __neg__(self):
 
+        return complex(-self.real, -self.imag)
 
+
 
+    def __hash__(self):
 
+        return hash((self.real, self.imag))
 
+
 
+
 
+# Conversions to and from polar coordinates
 
+
 
+def phase(z: complex):
 
+    return math.atan2(z.imag, z.real)
 
+
 
+def polar(z: complex):
 
+    return z.__abs__(), phase(z)
 
+
 
+def rect(r: float, phi: float):
 
+    return r * math.cos(phi) + r * math.sin(phi) * 1j
 
+
 
+# Power and logarithmic functions
 
+
 
+def exp(z: complex):
 
+    return math.exp(z.real) * rect(1, z.imag)
 
+
 
+def log(z: complex, base=2.718281828459045):
 
+    return math.log(z.__abs__(), base) + phase(z) * 1j
 
+
 
+def log10(z: complex):
 
+    return log(z, 10)
 
+
 
+def sqrt(z: complex):
 
+    return z ** 0.5
 
+
 
+# Trigonometric functions
 
+
 
+def acos(z: complex):
 
+    return -1j * log(z + sqrt(z * z - 1))
 
+
 
+def asin(z: complex):
 
+    return -1j * log(1j * z + sqrt(1 - z * z))
 
+
 
+def atan(z: complex):
 
+    return 1j / 2 * log((1 - 1j * z) / (1 + 1j * z))
 
+
 
+def cos(z: complex):
 
+    return (exp(1j * z) + exp(-1j * z)) / 2
 
+
 
+def sin(z: complex):
 
+    return (exp(1j * z) - exp(-1j * z)) / (2 * 1j)
 
+
 
+def tan(z: complex):
 
+    return sin(z) / cos(z)
 
+
 
+# Hyperbolic functions
 
+
 
+def acosh(z: complex):
 
+    return log(z + sqrt(z * z - 1))
 
+
 
+def asinh(z: complex):
 
+    return log(z + sqrt(z * z + 1))
 
+
 
+def atanh(z: complex):
 
+    return 1 / 2 * log((1 + z) / (1 - z))
 
+
 
+def cosh(z: complex):
 
+    return (exp(z) + exp(-z)) / 2
 
+
 
+def sinh(z: complex):
 
+    return (exp(z) - exp(-z)) / 2
 
+
 
+def tanh(z: complex):
 
+    return sinh(z) / cosh(z)
 
+
 
+# Classification functions
 
+
 
+def isfinite(z: complex):
 
+    return math.isfinite(z.real) and math.isfinite(z.imag)
 
+
 
+def isinf(z: complex):
 
+    return math.isinf(z.real) or math.isinf(z.imag)
 
+
 
+def isnan(z: complex):
 
+    return math.isnan(z.real) or math.isnan(z.imag)
 
+
 
+def isclose(a: complex, b: complex):
 
+    return math.isclose(a.real, b.real) and math.isclose(a.imag, b.imag)
 
+
 
+# Constants
 
+
 
+pi = math.pi
 
+e = math.e
 
+tau = 2 * pi
 
+inf = math.inf
 
+infj = complex(0, inf)
 
+nan = math.nan
 
+nanj = complex(0, nan)</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
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+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Home</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
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+                                    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
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+                        <nav>
 
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+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                        <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
+        <div class="grow min-w-0 bg-body-bg">
 
+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
+    <div id="retype-main" class="min-w-0 p-4 grow md:px-16">
 
+        <main class="relative pb-12 lg:pt-2">
 
+            <div class="retype-markdown" id="retype-content">
 
+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="collections">collections</h1>
 
+<h3 id="collectionscounteriterable"><code translate="no" v-pre>collections.Counter(iterable)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return a <code translate="no" v-pre>dict</code> containing the counts of each element in <code translate="no" v-pre>iterable</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="collectionsdeque"><code translate="no" v-pre>collections.deque</code></h3>
 
+<p>A double-ended queue.</p>
 
+<h3 id="collectionsdefaultdict"><code translate="no" v-pre>collections.defaultdict</code></h3>
 
+<p>A dictionary that returns a default value when a key is not found.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import TypeVar, Iterable
 
+
 
+def Counter[T](iterable: Iterable[T]):
 
+    a: dict[T, int] = {}
 
+    for x in iterable:
 
+        if x in a:
 
+            a[x] += 1
 
+        else:
 
+            a[x] = 1
 
+    return a
 
+
 
+
 
+class defaultdict(dict):
 
+    def __init__(self, default_factory, *args):
 
+        super().__init__(*args)
 
+        self.default_factory = default_factory
 
+
 
+    def __missing__(self, key):
 
+        self[key] = self.default_factory()
 
+        return self[key]
 
+
 
+    def __repr__(self) -&gt; str:
 
+        return f&quot;defaultdict({self.default_factory}, {super().__repr__()})&quot;
 
+
 
+    def copy(self):
 
+        return defaultdict(self.default_factory, self)
 
+
 
+
 
+class deque[T]:
 
+    _head: int
 
+    _tail: int
 
+    _maxlen: int | None
 
+    _capacity: int
 
+    _data: list[T]
 
+
 
+    def __init__(self, iterable: Iterable[T] = None, maxlen: int | None = None):
 
+        if maxlen is not None:
 
+            assert maxlen &gt; 0
 
+
 
+        self._head = 0
 
+        self._tail = 0
 
+        self._maxlen = maxlen
 
+        self._capacity = 8 if maxlen is None else maxlen + 1
 
+        self._data = [None] * self._capacity # type: ignore
 
+
 
+        if iterable is not None:
 
+            self.extend(iterable)
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def maxlen(self) -&gt; int | None:
 
+        return self._maxlen
 
+
 
+    def __resize_2x(self):
 
+        backup = list(self)
 
+        self._capacity *= 2
 
+        self._head = 0
 
+        self._tail = len(backup)
 
+        self._data.clear()
 
+        self._data.extend(backup)
 
+        self._data.extend([None] * (self._capacity - len(backup)))
 
+
 
+    def append(self, x: T):
 
+        if (self._tail + 1) % self._capacity == self._head:
 
+            if self._maxlen is None:
 
+                self.__resize_2x()
 
+            else:
 
+                self.popleft()
 
+        self._data[self._tail] = x
 
+        self._tail = (self._tail + 1) % self._capacity
 
+
 
+    def appendleft(self, x: T):
 
+        if (self._tail + 1) % self._capacity == self._head:
 
+            if self._maxlen is None:
 
+                self.__resize_2x()
 
+            else:
 
+                self.pop()
 
+        self._head = (self._head - 1) % self._capacity
 
+        self._data[self._head] = x
 
+
 
+    def copy(self):
 
+        return deque(self, maxlen=self.maxlen)
 
+
 
+    def count(self, x: T) -&gt; int:
 
+        n = 0
 
+        for item in self:
 
+            if item == x:
 
+                n += 1
 
+        return n
 
+
 
+    def extend(self, iterable: Iterable[T]):
 
+        for x in iterable:
 
+            self.append(x)
 
+
 
+    def extendleft(self, iterable: Iterable[T]):
 
+        for x in iterable:
 
+            self.appendleft(x)
 
+
 
+    def pop(self) -&gt; T:
 
+        if self._head == self._tail:
 
+            raise IndexError(&quot;pop from an empty deque&quot;)
 
+        self._tail = (self._tail - 1) % self._capacity
 
+        x = self._data[self._tail]
 
+        self._data[self._tail] = None
 
+        return x
 
+
 
+    def popleft(self) -&gt; T:
 
+        if self._head == self._tail:
 
+            raise IndexError(&quot;pop from an empty deque&quot;)
 
+        x = self._data[self._head]
 
+        self._data[self._head] = None
 
+        self._head = (self._head + 1) % self._capacity
 
+        return x
 
+
 
+    def clear(self):
 
+        i = self._head
 
+        while i != self._tail:
 
+            self._data[i] = None # type: ignore
 
+            i = (i + 1) % self._capacity
 
+        self._head = 0
 
+        self._tail = 0
 
+
 
+    def rotate(self, n: int = 1):
 
+        if len(self) == 0:
 
+            return
 
+        if n &gt; 0:
 
+            n = n % len(self)
 
+            for _ in range(n):
 
+                self.appendleft(self.pop())
 
+        elif n &lt; 0:
 
+            n = -n % len(self)
 
+            for _ in range(n):
 
+                self.append(self.popleft())
 
+
 
+    def __len__(self) -&gt; int:
 
+        return (self._tail - self._head) % self._capacity
 
+
 
+    def __contains__(self, x: object) -&gt; bool:
 
+        for item in self:
 
+            if item == x:
 
+                return True
 
+        return False
 
+
 
+    def __iter__(self):
 
+        i = self._head
 
+        while i != self._tail:
 
+            yield self._data[i]
 
+            i = (i + 1) % self._capacity
 
+
 
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -&gt; bool:
 
+        if not isinstance(other, deque):
 
+            return NotImplemented
 
+        if len(self) != len(other):
 
+            return False
 
+        for x, y in zip(self, other):
 
+            if x != y:
 
+                return False
 
+        return True
 
+
 
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -&gt; bool:
 
+        if not isinstance(other, deque):
 
+            return NotImplemented
 
+        return not self == other
 
+
 
+    def __repr__(self) -&gt; str:
 
+        if self.maxlen is None:
 
+            return f&quot;deque({list(self)!r})&quot;
 
+        return f&quot;deque({list(self)!r}, maxlen={self.maxlen})&quot;
 
+</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
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+<h1 id="cute_png">cute_png</h1>
 
+<div class="flex mb-6">
 
+    <div class="shrink-0 w-1.5 rounded-tl-lg rounded-bl-lg bg-callout-primary"></div>
 
+    <div class="flex w-full py-4 border border-l-0 rounded-tr-lg rounded-br-lg doc-callout bg-callout-base-bg border-callout-base-border" role="alert">
 
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+                    <path d="M12 1C5.93 1 1 5.93 1 12s4.93 11 11 11 11-4.93 11-11S18.07 1 12 1zm0 20c-4.96 0-9-4.04-9-9s4.04-9 9-9 9 4.04 9 9-4.04 9-9 9z"></path>
 
+                    <path d="M12 11c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-4c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zM12.01 7c-.56 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1 1-.45 1-1-.45-1-1-1z"></path>
 
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+                </g></g>
 
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+        <div class="pr-5 ml-3 w-full">
 
+<p>This module is optional. Set option <code translate="no" v-pre>PK_BUILD_MODULE_CUTE_PNG</code> to <code translate="no" v-pre>ON</code> in your <code translate="no" v-pre>CMakeLists.txt</code> to enable it.</p>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+</div>
 
+<p>Wraps <a href="https://github.com/RandyGaul/cute_headers/blob/master/cute_png.h">cute_png.h</a> for PNG image loading and saving.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from array2d import array2d
 
+from vmath import color32, vec2i
 
+
 
+class Image:
 
+    @property
 
+    def width(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def height(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def __new__(cls, width: int, height: int) -&gt; &quot;Image&quot;: ...
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def from_bytes(data: bytes) -&gt; &quot;Image&quot;: ...
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def from_file(path: str) -&gt; &quot;Image&quot;: ...
 
+
 
+    def setpixel(self, x: int, y: int, color: color32) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    def getpixel(self, x: int, y: int) -&gt; color32: ...
 
+    def clear(self, color: color32) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    def paste(self, src_img: &quot;Image&quot;, src_pos: vec2i, dst_pos: vec2i, width: int, height: int, fg: color32, bg: color32) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    def to_png_bytes(self) -&gt; bytes: ...
 
+    def to_png_file(self, path: str) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    def to_rgb565_file(self, path: str) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+def loads(data: bytes) -&gt; array2d[color32]: ...
 
+def dumps(image: array2d[color32]) -&gt; bytes: ...</code></pre>
 
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+</head>
 
+<body>
 
+    <div id="retype-app" class="relative text-base antialiased text-base-text bg-base-bg font-body">
 
+    <div class="absolute bottom-0 left-0" style="top: 5rem; right: 50%"></div>
 
+
 
+    <header id="retype-header" class="sticky top-0 z-30 flex w-full h-16 bg-header-bg border-b border-header-border md:h-20">
 
+        <div class="container relative flex items-center justify-between pr-6 grow md:justify-start">
 
+            <!-- Mobile menu button skeleton -->
 
+            <button v-cloak class="skeleton retype-mobile-menu-button flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 overflow-hidden dark:text-white focus:outline-hidden rounded-full w-10 h-10 ml-3.5 md:hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px shrink-0" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="M2 4h20v2H2zM2 11h20v2H2zM2 18h20v2H2z"></path></g></svg></button>
 
+            <div v-cloak id="retype-sidebar-left-toggle-button"></div>
 
+    
+            <!-- Logo -->
 
+            <div class="flex items-center justify-between h-full py-2 md:w-75">
 
+                <div class="flex items-center px-2 md:px-6">
 
+                    <a id="retype-branding-logo" href="https://pocketpy.dev/" class="flex items-center leading-snug text-2xl">
 
+                        <span class="w-10 mr-2 grow-0 shrink-0 overflow-hidden">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 dark:hidden md:inline-block" src="../../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 hidden dark:inline-block" src="../../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                        </span>
 
+                        <span class="dark:text-white font-bold line-clamp-1 md:line-clamp-2">pocketpy</span>
 
+                    </a><span id="retype-branding-label" class="inline-flex mt-1 px-2 py-1 ml-4 text-xs font-medium leading-none items-center rounded-md bg-branding-label-bg text-branding-label-text ring-1 ring-branding-label-border ring-inset md:inline-block">v2.1.8</span>
 
+                </div>
 
+    
+                <span class="hidden h-8 border-r md:inline-block border-base-border"></span>
 
+            </div>
 
+    
+            <div class="flex justify-between md:grow">
 
+                <!-- Top Nav -->
 
+                <nav id="retype-header-nav" class="hidden md:flex">
 
+                    <ul class="flex flex-col mb-4 md:pl-16 md:mb-0 md:flex-row md:items-center">
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Home</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Discord</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+    
+                    </ul>
 
+                </nav>
 
+    
+                <div v-cloak class="flex justify-end grow">
 
+                    <div id="retype-mobile-search-button"></div>
 
+                    <doc-search-desktop></doc-search-desktop>
 
+    
+                    <doc-theme-switch class="lg:ml-2"></doc-theme-switch>
 
+                    <doc-history></doc-history>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </header>
 
+
 
+
 
+    <div id="retype-container" class="container relative flex bg-white">
 
+        <!-- Sidebar Skeleton -->
 
+        <div v-cloak class="fixed flex flex-col shrink-0 duration-300 ease-in-out bg-sidebar-left-bg border-sidebar-left-border sidebar top-20 w-75 border-r h-screen md:sticky transition-transform skeleton">
 
+        
+            <div class="flex items-center h-16 px-6">
 
+                <input id="retype-filter-input-mock" class="w-full h-10 pl-8 px-3 py-2 transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear bg-filter-bg border border-filter-border rounded-lg shadow-none md:text-sm hover:border-filter-border-hover focus:outline-hidden focus:border-filter-border-focus placeholder-filter-placeholder" type="text">
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="pl-6 mt-1 mb-4">
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto bg-transparent dark:border-base-border">
 
+                <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                    <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                </a>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+        
+        <!-- Sidebar component -->
 
+        <doc-sidebar v-cloak>
 
+            <template #sidebar-footer>
 
+                <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto border-t md:bg-transparent md:border-none dark:border-base-border">
 
+        
+                    <div class="py-3 px-6 md:hidden border-b dark:border-base-border">
 
+                        <nav>
 
+                            <ul class="flex flex-wrap justify-center items-center">
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                        <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
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+<h1 id="dataclasses">dataclasses</h1>
 
+<h3 id="dataclassesdataclass"><code translate="no" v-pre>dataclasses.dataclass</code></h3>
 
+<p>A decorator that is used to add special method to classes, including <code translate="no" v-pre>__init__</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>__repr__</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>__eq__</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="dataclassesasdictobj---dict"><code translate="no" v-pre>dataclasses.asdict(obj) -&gt; dict</code></h3>
 
+<p>Convert a dataclass instance to a dictionary.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def _get_annotations(cls: type):
 
+    inherits = []
 
+    while cls is not object:
 
+        inherits.append(cls)
 
+        cls = cls.__base__
 
+    inherits.reverse()
 
+    res = {}
 
+    for cls in inherits:
 
+        res.update(cls.__annotations__)
 
+    return res.keys()
 
+
 
+def _wrapped__init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
+    cls = type(self)
 
+    cls_d = cls.__dict__
 
+    fields = _get_annotations(cls)
 
+    i = 0   # index into args
 
+    for field in fields:
 
+        if field in kwargs:
 
+            setattr(self, field, kwargs.pop(field))
 
+        else:
 
+            if i &lt; len(args):
 
+                setattr(self, field, args[i])
 
+                i += 1
 
+            elif field in cls_d:    # has default value
 
+                setattr(self, field, cls_d[field])
 
+            else:
 
+                raise TypeError(f&quot;{cls.__name__} missing required argument {field!r}&quot;)
 
+    if len(args) &gt; i:
 
+        raise TypeError(f&quot;{cls.__name__} takes {len(fields)} positional arguments but {len(args)} were given&quot;)
 
+    if len(kwargs) &gt; 0:
 
+        raise TypeError(f&quot;{cls.__name__} got an unexpected keyword argument {next(iter(kwargs))!r}&quot;)
 
+
 
+def _wrapped__repr__(self):
 
+    fields = _get_annotations(type(self))
 
+    obj_d = self.__dict__
 
+    args: list = [f&quot;{field}={obj_d[field]!r}&quot; for field in fields]
 
+    return f&quot;{type(self).__name__}({', '.join(args)})&quot;
 
+
 
+def _wrapped__eq__(self, other):
 
+    if type(self) is not type(other):
 
+        return False
 
+    fields = _get_annotations(type(self))
 
+    for field in fields:
 
+        if getattr(self, field) != getattr(other, field):
 
+            return False
 
+    return True
 
+
 
+def _wrapped__ne__(self, other):
 
+    return not self.__eq__(other)
 
+
 
+def dataclass(cls: type):
 
+    assert type(cls) is type
 
+    cls_d = cls.__dict__
 
+    if '__init__' not in cls_d:
 
+        cls.__init__ = _wrapped__init__
 
+    if '__repr__' not in cls_d:
 
+        cls.__repr__ = _wrapped__repr__
 
+    if '__eq__' not in cls_d:
 
+        cls.__eq__ = _wrapped__eq__
 
+    if '__ne__' not in cls_d:
 
+        cls.__ne__ = _wrapped__ne__
 
+    fields = _get_annotations(cls)
 
+    has_default = False
 
+    for field in fields:
 
+        if field in cls_d:
 
+            has_default = True
 
+        else:
 
+            if has_default:
 
+                raise TypeError(f&quot;non-default argument {field!r} follows default argument&quot;)
 
+    return cls
 
+
 
+def asdict(obj) -&gt; dict:
 
+    fields = _get_annotations(type(obj))
 
+    obj_d = obj.__dict__
 
+    return {field: obj_d[field] for field in fields}</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
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+<h1 id="datetime">datetime</h1>
 
+<h3 id="datetimenow"><code translate="no" v-pre>datetime.now()</code></h3>
 
+<p>Returns the current date and time as a <code translate="no" v-pre>datetime</code> object.</p>
 
+<h3 id="datetoday"><code translate="no" v-pre>date.today()</code></h3>
 
+<p>Returns the current local date as a <code translate="no" v-pre>date</code> object.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from time import localtime
 
+import operator
 
+
 
+class timedelta:
 
+    def __init__(self, days=0, seconds=0):
 
+        self.days = days
 
+        self.seconds = seconds
 
+
 
+    def __repr__(self):
 
+        return f&quot;datetime.timedelta(days={self.days}, seconds={self.seconds})&quot;
 
+
 
+    def __eq__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        if not isinstance(other, timedelta):
 
+            return NotImplemented
 
+        return (self.days, self.seconds) == (other.days, other.seconds)
 
+
 
+    def __ne__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        if not isinstance(other, timedelta):
 
+            return NotImplemented
 
+        return (self.days, self.seconds) != (other.days, other.seconds)
 
+
 
+
 
+class date:
 
+    def __init__(self, year: int, month: int, day: int):
 
+        self.year = year
 
+        self.month = month
 
+        self.day = day
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def today():
 
+        t = localtime()
 
+        return date(t.tm_year, t.tm_mon, t.tm_mday)
 
+
 
+    def __cmp(self, other, op):
 
+        if not isinstance(other, date):
 
+            return NotImplemented
 
+        if self.year != other.year:
 
+            return op(self.year, other.year)
 
+        if self.month != other.month:
 
+            return op(self.month, other.month)
 
+        return op(self.day, other.day)
 
+
 
+    def __eq__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.eq)
 
+
 
+    def __ne__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.ne)
 
+
 
+    def __lt__(self, other: 'date') -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.lt)
 
+
 
+    def __le__(self, other: 'date') -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.le)
 
+
 
+    def __gt__(self, other: 'date') -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.gt)
 
+
 
+    def __ge__(self, other: 'date') -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.ge)
 
+
 
+    def __str__(self):
 
+        return f&quot;{self.year}-{self.month:02}-{self.day:02}&quot;
 
+
 
+    def __repr__(self):
 
+        return f&quot;datetime.date({self.year}, {self.month}, {self.day})&quot;
 
+
 
+
 
+class datetime(date):
 
+    def __init__(self, year: int, month: int, day: int, hour: int, minute: int, second: int):
 
+        super().__init__(year, month, day)
 
+        # Validate and set hour, minute, and second
 
+        if not 0 &lt;= hour &lt;= 23:
 
+            raise ValueError(&quot;Hour must be between 0 and 23&quot;)
 
+        self.hour = hour
 
+        if not 0 &lt;= minute &lt;= 59:
 
+            raise ValueError(&quot;Minute must be between 0 and 59&quot;)
 
+        self.minute = minute
 
+        if not 0 &lt;= second &lt;= 59:
 
+            raise ValueError(&quot;Second must be between 0 and 59&quot;)
 
+        self.second = second
 
+
 
+    def date(self) -&gt; date:
 
+        return date(self.year, self.month, self.day)
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def now():
 
+        t = localtime()
 
+        tm_sec = t.tm_sec
 
+        if tm_sec == 60:
 
+            tm_sec = 59
 
+        return datetime(t.tm_year, t.tm_mon, t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, tm_sec)
 
+
 
+    def __str__(self):
 
+        return f&quot;{self.year}-{self.month:02}-{self.day:02} {self.hour:02}:{self.minute:02}:{self.second:02}&quot;
 
+
 
+    def __repr__(self):
 
+        return f&quot;datetime.datetime({self.year}, {self.month}, {self.day}, {self.hour}, {self.minute}, {self.second})&quot;
 
+
 
+    def __cmp(self, other, op):
 
+        if not isinstance(other, datetime):
 
+            return NotImplemented
 
+        if self.year != other.year:
 
+            return op(self.year, other.year)
 
+        if self.month != other.month:
 
+            return op(self.month, other.month)
 
+        if self.day != other.day:
 
+            return op(self.day, other.day)
 
+        if self.hour != other.hour:
 
+            return op(self.hour, other.hour)
 
+        if self.minute != other.minute:
 
+            return op(self.minute, other.minute)
 
+        return op(self.second, other.second)
 
+
 
+    def __eq__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.eq)
 
+
 
+    def __ne__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.ne)
 
+
 
+    def __lt__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.lt)
 
+
 
+    def __le__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.le)
 
+
 
+    def __gt__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.gt)
 
+
 
+    def __ge__(self, other) -&gt; bool:
 
+        return self.__cmp(other, operator.ge)
 
+
 
+</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+
 
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+    <title>easing | Portable Python 3.x Interpreter in Modern C</title>
 
+    <meta name="title" content="easing | Portable Python 3.x Interpreter in Modern C">
 
+    <meta name="description" content="Python wrapper for easing functions.">
 
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+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>easing.OutElastic(t: float) -&gt; float</code></li>
 
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+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>easing.InBounce(t: float) -&gt; float</code></li>
 
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+<h1 id="enum">enum</h1>
 
+<h3 id="enumenum"><code translate="no" v-pre>enum.Enum</code></h3>
 
+<p>Base class for creating enumerated constants.</p>
 
+<p>Example:</p>
 
+<div id="enumenum-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from enum import Enum
 
+
 
+class Color(Enum):
 
+    RED = 1
 
+    GREEN = 2
 
+    BLUE = 3
 
+
 
+print(Color.RED)    # Color.RED
 
+print(Color.RED.name)    # 'RED'
 
+print(Color.RED.value)    # 1</code></pre>
 
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+                        <span class="w-10 mr-2 grow-0 shrink-0 overflow-hidden">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 dark:hidden md:inline-block" src="../../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                            <img class="max-h-10 hidden dark:inline-block" src="../../static/logo.png" alt="" width="512" height="512">
 
+                        </span>
 
+                        <span class="dark:text-white font-bold line-clamp-1 md:line-clamp-2">pocketpy</span>
 
+                    </a><span id="retype-branding-label" class="inline-flex mt-1 px-2 py-1 ml-4 text-xs font-medium leading-none items-center rounded-md bg-branding-label-bg text-branding-label-text ring-1 ring-branding-label-border ring-inset md:inline-block">v2.1.8</span>
 
+                </div>
 
+    
+                <span class="hidden h-8 border-r md:inline-block border-base-border"></span>
 
+            </div>
 
+    
+            <div class="flex justify-between md:grow">
 
+                <!-- Top Nav -->
 
+                <nav id="retype-header-nav" class="hidden md:flex">
 
+                    <ul class="flex flex-col mb-4 md:pl-16 md:mb-0 md:flex-row md:items-center">
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Home</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Discord</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+    
+                    </ul>
 
+                </nav>
 
+    
+                <div v-cloak class="flex justify-end grow">
 
+                    <div id="retype-mobile-search-button"></div>
 
+                    <doc-search-desktop></doc-search-desktop>
 
+    
+                    <doc-theme-switch class="lg:ml-2"></doc-theme-switch>
 
+                    <doc-history></doc-history>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </header>
 
+
 
+
 
+    <div id="retype-container" class="container relative flex bg-white">
 
+        <!-- Sidebar Skeleton -->
 
+        <div v-cloak class="fixed flex flex-col shrink-0 duration-300 ease-in-out bg-sidebar-left-bg border-sidebar-left-border sidebar top-20 w-75 border-r h-screen md:sticky transition-transform skeleton">
 
+        
+            <div class="flex items-center h-16 px-6">
 
+                <input id="retype-filter-input-mock" class="w-full h-10 pl-8 px-3 py-2 transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear bg-filter-bg border border-filter-border rounded-lg shadow-none md:text-sm hover:border-filter-border-hover focus:outline-hidden focus:border-filter-border-focus placeholder-filter-placeholder" type="text">
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="pl-6 mt-1 mb-4">
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+                <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            </div>
 
+        
+            <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto bg-transparent dark:border-base-border">
 
+                <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                    <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                </a>
 
+            </div>
 
+        </div>
 
+        
+        <!-- Sidebar component -->
 
+        <doc-sidebar v-cloak>
 
+            <template #sidebar-footer>
 
+                <div class="shrink-0 mt-auto border-t md:bg-transparent md:border-none dark:border-base-border">
 
+        
+                    <div class="py-3 px-6 md:hidden border-b dark:border-base-border">
 
+                        <nav>
 
+                            <ul class="flex flex-wrap justify-center items-center">
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                        <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
+        <div class="grow min-w-0 bg-body-bg">
 
+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
+    <div id="retype-main" class="min-w-0 p-4 grow md:px-16">
 
+        <main class="relative pb-12 lg:pt-2">
 
+            <div class="retype-markdown" id="retype-content">
 
+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="functools">functools</h1>
 
+<h3 id="functoolscache"><code translate="no" v-pre>functools.cache</code></h3>
 
+<p>A decorator that caches a function&#x27;s return value each time it is called. If called later with the same arguments, the cached value is returned, and not re-evaluated.</p>
 
+<h3 id="functoolslru_cachemaxsize128"><code translate="no" v-pre>functools.lru_cache(maxsize=128)</code></h3>
 
+<p>A decorator that wraps a function with a memoizing callable that saves up to the maxsize most recent calls.</p>
 
+<h3 id="functoolsreducefunction-sequence-initial"><code translate="no" v-pre>functools.reduce(function, sequence, initial=...)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Apply a function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of a sequence, from left to right, so as to reduce the sequence to a single value. For example, <code translate="no" v-pre>functools.reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])</code> calculates <code translate="no" v-pre>((((1+2)+3)+4)+5)</code>. The left argument, <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, is the accumulated value and the right argument, <code translate="no" v-pre>y</code>, is the update value from the sequence. If the optional <code translate="no" v-pre>initial</code> is present, it is placed before the items of the sequence in the calculation, and serves as a default when the sequence is empty.</p>
 
+<h3 id="functoolspartialf-args-kwargs"><code translate="no" v-pre>functools.partial(f, *args, **kwargs)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return a new partial object which when called will behave like <code translate="no" v-pre>f</code> called with the positional arguments <code translate="no" v-pre>args</code> and keyword arguments <code translate="no" v-pre>kwargs</code>. If more arguments are supplied to the call, they are appended to <code translate="no" v-pre>args</code>. If additional keyword arguments are supplied, they extend and override <code translate="no" v-pre>kwargs</code>.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">class cache:
 
+    def __init__(self, f):
 
+        self.f = f
 
+        self.cache = {}
 
+
 
+    def __call__(self, *args):
 
+        if args not in self.cache:
 
+            self.cache[args] = self.f(*args)
 
+        return self.cache[args]
 
+
 
+class lru_cache:
 
+    def __init__(self, maxsize=128):
 
+        self.maxsize = maxsize
 
+        self.cache = {}
 
+
 
+    def __call__(self, f):
 
+        def wrapped(*args):
 
+            if args in self.cache:
 
+                res = self.cache.pop(args)
 
+                self.cache[args] = res
 
+                return res
 
+
 
+            res = f(*args)
 
+            if len(self.cache) &gt;= self.maxsize:
 
+                first_key = next(iter(self.cache))
 
+                self.cache.pop(first_key)
 
+            self.cache[args] = res
 
+            return res
 
+        return wrapped
 
+
 
+def reduce(function, sequence, initial=...):
 
+    it = iter(sequence)
 
+    if initial is ...:
 
+        try:
 
+            value = next(it)
 
+        except StopIteration:
 
+            raise TypeError(&quot;reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value&quot;)
 
+    else:
 
+        value = initial
 
+    for element in it:
 
+        value = function(value, element)
 
+    return value
 
+
 
+class partial:
 
+    def __init__(self, f, *args, **kwargs):
 
+        self.f = f
 
+        if not callable(f):
 
+            raise TypeError(&quot;the first argument must be callable&quot;)
 
+        self.args = args
 
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
 
+
 
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
+        kwargs.update(self.kwargs)
 
+        return self.f(*self.args, *args, **kwargs)
 
+</code></pre>
 
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+
 
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+
 
+def setup_debug_callback(cb: Callable[[Literal['start', 'stop'], str], None] | None) -&gt; None:
 
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+<h1 id="heapq">heapq</h1>
 
+<h3 id="heapqheappushheap-item"><code translate="no" v-pre>heapq.heappush(heap, item)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Push the value <code translate="no" v-pre>item</code> onto the heap, maintaining the heap invariant.</p>
 
+<h3 id="heapqheappopheap"><code translate="no" v-pre>heapq.heappop(heap)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Pop and return the smallest item from the heap, maintaining the heap invariant. If the heap is empty, IndexError is raised. To access the smallest item without popping it, use <code translate="no" v-pre>heap[0]</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="heapqheapifyx"><code translate="no" v-pre>heapq.heapify(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Transform list <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> into a heap, in-place, in linear time.</p>
 
+<h3 id="heapqheappushpopheap-item"><code translate="no" v-pre>heapq.heappushpop(heap, item)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Push <code translate="no" v-pre>item</code> on the heap, then pop and return the smallest item from the heap. The combined action runs more efficiently than <code translate="no" v-pre>heappush()</code> followed by a separate <code translate="no" v-pre>heappop()</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="heapqheapreplaceheap-item"><code translate="no" v-pre>heapq.heapreplace(heap, item)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Pop and return the smallest item from the heap, and also push the new item. The heap size doesn’t change. If the heap is empty, IndexError is raised.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue)
 
+def heappush(heap, item):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Push item onto heap, maintaining the heap invariant.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+    heap.append(item)
 
+    _siftdown(heap, 0, len(heap)-1)
 
+
 
+def heappop(heap):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Pop the smallest item off the heap, maintaining the heap invariant.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+    lastelt = heap.pop()    # raises appropriate IndexError if heap is empty
 
+    if heap:
 
+        returnitem = heap[0]
 
+        heap[0] = lastelt
 
+        _siftup(heap, 0)
 
+        return returnitem
 
+    return lastelt
 
+
 
+def heapreplace(heap, item):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Pop and return the current smallest value, and add the new item.
 
+
 
+    This is more efficient than heappop() followed by heappush(), and can be
 
+    more appropriate when using a fixed-size heap.  Note that the value
 
+    returned may be larger than item!  That constrains reasonable uses of
 
+    this routine unless written as part of a conditional replacement:
 
+
 
+        if item &gt; heap[0]:
 
+            item = heapreplace(heap, item)
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+    returnitem = heap[0]    # raises appropriate IndexError if heap is empty
 
+    heap[0] = item
 
+    _siftup(heap, 0)
 
+    return returnitem
 
+
 
+def heappushpop(heap, item):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Fast version of a heappush followed by a heappop.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+    if heap and heap[0] &lt; item:
 
+        item, heap[0] = heap[0], item
 
+        _siftup(heap, 0)
 
+    return item
 
+
 
+def heapify(x):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Transform list into a heap, in-place, in O(len(x)) time.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+    n = len(x)
 
+    # Transform bottom-up.  The largest index there's any point to looking at
 
+    # is the largest with a child index in-range, so must have 2*i + 1 &lt; n,
 
+    # or i &lt; (n-1)/2.  If n is even = 2*j, this is (2*j-1)/2 = j-1/2 so
 
+    # j-1 is the largest, which is n//2 - 1.  If n is odd = 2*j+1, this is
 
+    # (2*j+1-1)/2 = j so j-1 is the largest, and that's again n//2-1.
 
+    for i in reversed(range(n//2)):
 
+        _siftup(x, i)
 
+
 
+# 'heap' is a heap at all indices &gt;= startpos, except possibly for pos.  pos
 
+# is the index of a leaf with a possibly out-of-order value.  Restore the
 
+# heap invariant.
 
+def _siftdown(heap, startpos, pos):
 
+    newitem = heap[pos]
 
+    # Follow the path to the root, moving parents down until finding a place
 
+    # newitem fits.
 
+    while pos &gt; startpos:
 
+        parentpos = (pos - 1) &gt;&gt; 1
 
+        parent = heap[parentpos]
 
+        if newitem &lt; parent:
 
+            heap[pos] = parent
 
+            pos = parentpos
 
+            continue
 
+        break
 
+    heap[pos] = newitem
 
+
 
+def _siftup(heap, pos):
 
+    endpos = len(heap)
 
+    startpos = pos
 
+    newitem = heap[pos]
 
+    # Bubble up the smaller child until hitting a leaf.
 
+    childpos = 2*pos + 1    # leftmost child position
 
+    while childpos &lt; endpos:
 
+        # Set childpos to index of smaller child.
 
+        rightpos = childpos + 1
 
+        if rightpos &lt; endpos and not heap[childpos] &lt; heap[rightpos]:
 
+            childpos = rightpos
 
+        # Move the smaller child up.
 
+        heap[pos] = heap[childpos]
 
+        pos = childpos
 
+        childpos = 2*pos + 1
 
+    # The leaf at pos is empty now.  Put newitem there, and bubble it up
 
+    # to its final resting place (by sifting its parents down).
 
+    heap[pos] = newitem
 
+    _siftdown(heap, startpos, pos)</code></pre>
 
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+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
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+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
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+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
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+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
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+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
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+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
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+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
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+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
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+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
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+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
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+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
+        <div class="grow min-w-0 bg-body-bg">
 
+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
+    <div id="retype-main" class="min-w-0 p-4 grow md:px-16">
 
+        <main class="relative pb-12 lg:pt-2">
 
+            <div class="retype-markdown" id="retype-content">
 
+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="json">json</h1>
 
+<p>JSON serialization and deserialization module.</p>
 
+<p>This module is not safe. You may not want to use it with untrusted data.
 
+If you need a safe alternative, consider a 3rd-party library like <code translate="no" v-pre>cjson</code>.</p>
 
+<p>You can override the json functions with:</p>
 
+<div id="json-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">py_GlobalRef mod = py_getmodule(&quot;json&quot;);
 
+py_bindfunc(mod, &quot;loads&quot;, _safe_json_loads);
 
+py_bindfunc(mod, &quot;dumps&quot;, _safe_json_dumps);</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def loads(s: str): ...
 
+def dumps(obj, indent=0): ...</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+
 
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+    <div class="shrink-0 w-1.5 rounded-tl-lg rounded-bl-lg bg-callout-primary"></div>
 
+    <div class="flex w-full py-4 border border-l-0 rounded-tr-lg rounded-br-lg doc-callout bg-callout-base-bg border-callout-base-border" role="alert">
 
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+<p>This module is optional. Set option <code translate="no" v-pre>PK_BUILD_MODULE_LZ4</code> to <code translate="no" v-pre>ON</code> in your <code translate="no" v-pre>CMakeLists.txt</code> to enable it.</p>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+</div>
 
+<p>LZ4 compression and decompression.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def compress(data: bytes) -&gt; bytes:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Compress the given data into LZ4 block format.
 
+
 
+    This function is equivalent to `lz4.block.compress` of https://pypi.org/project/lz4/.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def decompress(data: bytes) -&gt; bytes:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Decompress the given LZ4 block format data produced by `lz4.compress()`.
 
+
 
+    This function is equivalent to `lz4.block.decompress` of https://pypi.org/project/lz4/.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;</code></pre>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="math">math</h1>
 
+<h3 id="mathpi"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.pi</code></h3>
 
+<p>3.141592653589793</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathe"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.e</code></h3>
 
+<p>2.718281828459045</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathinf"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.inf</code></h3>
 
+<p>The <code translate="no" v-pre>inf</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathnan"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.nan</code></h3>
 
+<p>The <code translate="no" v-pre>nan</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathceilx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.ceil(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the ceiling of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> as a float, the smallest integer value greater than or equal to <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathfabsx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.fabs(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the absolute value of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathfloorx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.floor(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the floor of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> as a float, the largest integer value less than or equal to <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathfsumiterable"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.fsum(iterable)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable. Avoids loss of precision by tracking multiple intermediate partial sums:</p>
 
+<div id="mathfsumiterable-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">&gt;&gt;&gt; sum([0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1])
 
+0.9999999999999999
 
+&gt;&gt;&gt; fsum([0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1])
 
+1.0</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="mathgcda-b"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.gcd(a, b)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the greatest common divisor of the integers <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>b</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathisfinitex"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isfinite(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathisinfx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isinf(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> is a positive or negative infinity, and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathisnanx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isnan(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> is a NaN (not a number), and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathisclosea-b"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isclose(a, b)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if the values <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>b</code> are close to each other and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathexpx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.exp(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>e</code> raised to the power of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathlogx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.log(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the natural logarithm of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> (to base <code translate="no" v-pre>e</code>).</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathlog2x"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.log2(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the base-2 logarithm of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>. This is usually more accurate than <code translate="no" v-pre>log(x, 2)</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathlog10x"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.log10(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the base-10 logarithm of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>. This is usually more accurate than <code translate="no" v-pre>log(x, 10)</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathpowx-y"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.pow(x, y)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> raised to the power <code translate="no" v-pre>y</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathsqrtx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.sqrt(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the square root of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathacosx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.acos(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the arc cosine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, in radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathasinx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.asin(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the arc sine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, in radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathatanx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.atan(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the arc tangent of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, in radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathatan2y-x"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.atan2(y, x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>atan(y / x)</code>, in radians. The result is between <code translate="no" v-pre>-pi</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>pi</code>. The vector in the plane from the origin to point <code translate="no" v-pre>(x, y)</code> makes this angle with the positive X axis. The point of <code translate="no" v-pre>atan2()</code> is that the signs of both inputs are known to it, so it can compute the correct quadrant for the angle. For example, <code translate="no" v-pre>atan(1)</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>atan2(1, 1)</code> are both <code translate="no" v-pre>pi/4</code>, but <code translate="no" v-pre>atan2(-1, -1)</code> is <code translate="no" v-pre>-3*pi/4</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathcosx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.cos(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the cosine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathsinx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.sin(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the sine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathtanx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.tan(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the tangent of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathdegreesx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.degrees(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Convert angle <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> from radians to degrees.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathradiansx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.radians(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Convert angle <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> from degrees to radians.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathmodfx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.modf(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the fractional and integer parts of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>. Both results carry the sign of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> and are floats.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathcopysignx-y"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.copysign(x, y)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return a float with the magnitude (absolute value) of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> but the sign of <code translate="no" v-pre>y</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="mathfactorialx"><code translate="no" v-pre>math.factorial(x)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> factorial as an integer.</p>
 
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+<h1 id="operator">operator</h1>
 
+<p>The operator module exports a set of efficient functions corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example, <code translate="no" v-pre>operator.add(x, y)</code> is equivalent to the expression <code translate="no" v-pre>x+y</code>. Many function names are those used for special methods, without the double underscores.</p>
 
+<h2 id="mapping-operators-to-functions">Mapping Operators to Functions</h2>
 
+<div class="table-wrapper scrollbar overflow-hidden">
 
+<table class="comfortable">
 
+<thead>
 
+<tr>
 
+<th>Operation</th>
 
+<th>Syntax</th>
 
+<th>Function</th>
 
+</tr>
 
+</thead>
 
+<tbody>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Ordering</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &lt;= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>le(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Ordering</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &lt; b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>lt(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Ordering</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &gt;= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>ge(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Ordering</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &gt; b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>gt(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Equality</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a == b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>eq(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Equality</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a != b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>ne(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise AND</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &amp; b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>and_(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise OR</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a | b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>or_(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise XOR</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a ^ b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>xor(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise Inversion</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>~a</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>invert(a)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Left Shift</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &lt;&lt; b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>lshift(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Right Shift</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &gt;&gt; b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>rshift(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Identity</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a is b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>is_(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Identity</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a is not b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>is_not(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Negation (Logical)</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>not a</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>not_(a)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Negation (Arithmetic)</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>-a</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>neg(a)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Truth Test</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>bool(a)</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>truth(a)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Containment Test</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>b in a</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>contains(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Addition</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a + b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>add(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Subtraction</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a - b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>sub(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Multiplication</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a * b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>mul(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Division</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a / b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>truediv(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Division</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a // b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>floordiv(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Modulo</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a % b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>mod(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Exponentiation</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a ** b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>pow(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Matrix Multiplication</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a @ b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>matmul(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Indexing</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a[b]</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>getitem(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Index Assignment</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a[b] = c</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>setitem(a, b, c)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Index Deletion</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>del a[b]</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>delitem(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+</tbody>
 
+</table>
 
+</div>
 
+<h2 id="in-place-operators">In-place Operators</h2>
 
+<div class="table-wrapper scrollbar overflow-hidden">
 
+<table class="comfortable">
 
+<thead>
 
+<tr>
 
+<th>Operation</th>
 
+<th>Syntax</th>
 
+<th>Function</th>
 
+</tr>
 
+</thead>
 
+<tbody>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Addition</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a += b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>iadd(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Subtraction</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a -= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>isub(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Multiplication</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a *= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>imul(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Division</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a /= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>itruediv(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Division</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a //= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>ifloordiv(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Modulo</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a %= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>imod(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise AND</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &amp;= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>iand(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise OR</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a |= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>ior(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Bitwise XOR</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a ^= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>ixor(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Left Shift</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &lt;&lt;= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>ilshift(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>Right Shift</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>a &gt;&gt;= b</code></td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>irshift(a, b)</code></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+</tbody>
 
+</table>
 
+</div>
 
+
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="periphery">periphery</h1>
 
+<div class="flex mb-6">
 
+    <div class="shrink-0 w-1.5 rounded-tl-lg rounded-bl-lg bg-callout-primary"></div>
 
+    <div class="flex w-full py-4 border border-l-0 rounded-tr-lg rounded-br-lg doc-callout bg-callout-base-bg border-callout-base-border" role="alert">
 
+        <div class="flex items-center ml-4 h-7">
 
+            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px text-callout-primary" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation">
 
+                <g fill="currentColor"><g>
 
+                    <path d="M12 1C5.93 1 1 5.93 1 12s4.93 11 11 11 11-4.93 11-11S18.07 1 12 1zm0 20c-4.96 0-9-4.04-9-9s4.04-9 9-9 9 4.04 9 9-4.04 9-9 9z"></path>
 
+                    <path d="M12 11c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-4c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zM12.01 7c-.56 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1 1-.45 1-1-.45-1-1-1z"></path>
 
+                    <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path>
 
+                </g></g>
 
+            </svg>
 
+        </div>
 
+        <div class="pr-5 ml-3 w-full">
 
+<p>This module is optional. Set option <code translate="no" v-pre>PK_BUILD_MODULE_PERIPHERY</code> to <code translate="no" v-pre>ON</code> in your <code translate="no" v-pre>CMakeLists.txt</code> to enable it.</p>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+</div>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import overload
 
+from stdc import intptr
 
+
 
+class gpio_config:
 
+    direction: int #  (gpio_direction_t)
 
+    edge: int #  (gpio_edge_t)
 
+    event_clock: int #  (gpio_event_clock_t)
 
+    debounce_us: int #  (uint32_t)
 
+    bias: int #  (gpio_bias_t)
 
+    drive: int #  (gpio_drive_t)
 
+    inverted: bool #  (bool)
 
+    label: str #  (const char*)
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, direction: int, edge: int, event_clock: int, debounce_us: int, bias: int, drive: int, inverted: bool, label: str): ...
 
+
 
+class spi_msg:
 
+    txbuf: intptr #  (const uint8_t*)
 
+    rxbuf: intptr #  (uint8_t*)
 
+    len: int #  (size_t)
 
+    deselect: bool #  (bool)
 
+    deselect_delay_us: int #  (uint16_t)
 
+    word_delay_us: int #  (uint8_t)
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, txbuf: intptr, rxbuf: intptr, len: int, deselect: bool, deselect_delay_us: int, word_delay_us: int): ...
 
+
 
+class periphery_version:
 
+    major: int #  (unsigned)
 
+    minor: int #  (unsigned)
 
+    patch: int #  (unsigned)
 
+    commit_id: str #  (const char*)
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self): ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, major: int, minor: int, patch: int, commit_id: str): ...
 
+
 
+def gpio_new() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `gpio_t* gpio_new()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_open(gpio: intptr, path: str, line: int, direction: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_open(gpio_t* gpio, const char* path, unsigned line, gpio_direction_t direction)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_open_name(gpio: intptr, path: str, name: str, direction: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_open_name(gpio_t* gpio, const char* path, const char* name, gpio_direction_t direction)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_open_advanced(gpio: intptr, path: str, line: int, config: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_open_advanced(gpio_t* gpio, const char* path, unsigned line, const gpio_config_t* config)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_open_name_advanced(gpio: intptr, path: str, name: str, config: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_open_name_advanced(gpio_t* gpio, const char* path, const char* name, const gpio_config_t* config)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_open_sysfs(gpio: intptr, line: int, direction: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_open_sysfs(gpio_t* gpio, unsigned line, gpio_direction_t direction)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_read(gpio: intptr, value: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_read(gpio_t* gpio, bool* value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_write(gpio: intptr, value: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_write(gpio_t* gpio, bool value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_poll(gpio: intptr, timeout_ms: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_poll(gpio_t* gpio, int timeout_ms)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_close(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_close(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_free(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void gpio_free(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_read_event(gpio: intptr, edge: intptr, timestamp: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_read_event(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_edge_t* edge, uint64_t* timestamp)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_poll_multiple(gpios: intptr, count: int, timeout_ms: int, gpios_ready: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_poll_multiple(gpio_t** gpios, size_t count, int timeout_ms, bool* gpios_ready)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_direction(gpio: intptr, direction: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_direction(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_direction_t* direction)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_edge(gpio: intptr, edge: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_edge(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_edge_t* edge)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_event_clock(gpio: intptr, event_clock: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_event_clock(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_event_clock_t* event_clock)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_debounce_us(gpio: intptr, debounce_us: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_debounce_us(gpio_t* gpio, uint32_t* debounce_us)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_bias(gpio: intptr, bias: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_bias(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_bias_t* bias)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_drive(gpio: intptr, drive: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_drive(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_drive_t* drive)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_get_inverted(gpio: intptr, inverted: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_get_inverted(gpio_t* gpio, bool* inverted)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_direction(gpio: intptr, direction: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_direction(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_direction_t direction)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_edge(gpio: intptr, edge: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_edge(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_edge_t edge)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_event_clock(gpio: intptr, event_clock: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_event_clock(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_event_clock_t event_clock)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_debounce_us(gpio: intptr, debounce_us: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_debounce_us(gpio_t* gpio, uint32_t debounce_us)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_bias(gpio: intptr, bias: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_bias(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_bias_t bias)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_drive(gpio: intptr, drive: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_drive(gpio_t* gpio, gpio_drive_t drive)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_set_inverted(gpio: intptr, inverted: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_set_inverted(gpio_t* gpio, bool inverted)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_line(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `unsigned gpio_line(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_fd(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_fd(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_name(gpio: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_name(gpio_t* gpio, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_label(gpio: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_label(gpio_t* gpio, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_chip_fd(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_chip_fd(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_chip_name(gpio: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_chip_name(gpio_t* gpio, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_chip_label(gpio: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_chip_label(gpio_t* gpio, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_tostring(gpio: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_tostring(gpio_t* gpio, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_errno(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int gpio_errno(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def gpio_errmsg(gpio: intptr, /) -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* gpio_errmsg(gpio_t* gpio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_new() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `led_t* led_new()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_open(led: intptr, name: str, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_open(led_t* led, const char* name)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_read(led: intptr, value: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_read(led_t* led, bool* value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_write(led: intptr, value: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_write(led_t* led, bool value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_close(led: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_close(led_t* led)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_free(led: intptr, /) -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void led_free(led_t* led)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_get_brightness(led: intptr, brightness: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_get_brightness(led_t* led, unsigned* brightness)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_get_max_brightness(led: intptr, max_brightness: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_get_max_brightness(led_t* led, unsigned* max_brightness)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_get_trigger(led: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_get_trigger(led_t* led, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_get_triggers_entry(led: intptr, index: int, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_get_triggers_entry(led_t* led, unsigned index, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_get_triggers_count(led: intptr, count: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_get_triggers_count(led_t* led, unsigned* count)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_set_brightness(led: intptr, brightness: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_set_brightness(led_t* led, unsigned brightness)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_set_trigger(led: intptr, trigger: str, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_set_trigger(led_t* led, const char* trigger)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_name(led: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_name(led_t* led, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_tostring(led: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_tostring(led_t* led, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_errno(led: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int led_errno(led_t* led)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def led_errmsg(led: intptr, /) -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* led_errmsg(led_t* led)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_new() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `mmio_t* mmio_new()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_open(mmio: intptr, base: int, size: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_open(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t base, size_t size)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_open_advanced(mmio: intptr, base: int, size: int, path: str, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_open_advanced(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t base, size_t size, const char* path)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_ptr(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void* mmio_ptr(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_read64(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_read64(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint64_t* value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_read32(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_read32(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint32_t* value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_read16(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_read16(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint16_t* value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_read8(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_read8(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint8_t* value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_read(mmio: intptr, offset: int, buf: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_read(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint8_t* buf, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_write64(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_write64(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint64_t value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_write32(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_write32(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint32_t value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_write16(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_write16(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint16_t value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_write8(mmio: intptr, offset: int, value: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_write8(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, uint8_t value)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_write(mmio: intptr, offset: int, buf: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_write(mmio_t* mmio, uintptr_t offset, const uint8_t* buf, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_close(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_close(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_free(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void mmio_free(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_base(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `uintptr_t mmio_base(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_size(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `size_t mmio_size(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_tostring(mmio: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_tostring(mmio_t* mmio, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_errno(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int mmio_errno(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def mmio_errmsg(mmio: intptr, /) -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* mmio_errmsg(mmio_t* mmio)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_new() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `pwm_t* pwm_new()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_open(pwm: intptr, chip: int, channel: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_open(pwm_t* pwm, unsigned chip, unsigned channel)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_enable(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_enable(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_disable(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_disable(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_close(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_close(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_free(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void pwm_free(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_enabled(pwm: intptr, enabled: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_enabled(pwm_t* pwm, bool* enabled)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_period_ns(pwm: intptr, period_ns: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_period_ns(pwm_t* pwm, uint64_t* period_ns)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_duty_cycle_ns(pwm: intptr, duty_cycle_ns: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_duty_cycle_ns(pwm_t* pwm, uint64_t* duty_cycle_ns)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_period(pwm: intptr, period: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_period(pwm_t* pwm, double* period)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_duty_cycle(pwm: intptr, duty_cycle: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_duty_cycle(pwm_t* pwm, double* duty_cycle)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_frequency(pwm: intptr, frequency: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_frequency(pwm_t* pwm, double* frequency)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_get_polarity(pwm: intptr, polarity: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_get_polarity(pwm_t* pwm, pwm_polarity_t* polarity)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_enabled(pwm: intptr, enabled: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_enabled(pwm_t* pwm, bool enabled)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_period_ns(pwm: intptr, period_ns: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_period_ns(pwm_t* pwm, uint64_t period_ns)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_duty_cycle_ns(pwm: intptr, duty_cycle_ns: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_duty_cycle_ns(pwm_t* pwm, uint64_t duty_cycle_ns)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_period(pwm: intptr, period: float, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_period(pwm_t* pwm, double period)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_duty_cycle(pwm: intptr, duty_cycle: float, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_duty_cycle(pwm_t* pwm, double duty_cycle)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_frequency(pwm: intptr, frequency: float, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_frequency(pwm_t* pwm, double frequency)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_set_polarity(pwm: intptr, polarity: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_set_polarity(pwm_t* pwm, pwm_polarity_t polarity)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_chip(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `unsigned pwm_chip(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_channel(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `unsigned pwm_channel(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_tostring(pwm: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_tostring(pwm_t* pwm, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_errno(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int pwm_errno(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def pwm_errmsg(pwm: intptr, /) -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* pwm_errmsg(pwm_t* pwm)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_new() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `serial_t* serial_new()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_open(serial: intptr, path: str, baudrate: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_open(serial_t* serial, const char* path, uint32_t baudrate)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_open_advanced(serial: intptr, path: str, baudrate: int, databits: int, parity: int, stopbits: int, xonxoff: bool, rtscts: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_open_advanced(serial_t* serial, const char* path, uint32_t baudrate, unsigned databits, serial_parity_t parity, unsigned stopbits, bool xonxoff, bool rtscts)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_read(serial: intptr, buf: intptr, len: int, timeout_ms: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_read(serial_t* serial, uint8_t* buf, size_t len, int timeout_ms)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_write(serial: intptr, buf: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_write(serial_t* serial, const uint8_t* buf, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_flush(serial: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_flush(serial_t* serial)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_input_waiting(serial: intptr, count: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_input_waiting(serial_t* serial, unsigned* count)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_output_waiting(serial: intptr, count: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_output_waiting(serial_t* serial, unsigned* count)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_poll(serial: intptr, timeout_ms: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_poll(serial_t* serial, int timeout_ms)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_close(serial: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_close(serial_t* serial)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_free(serial: intptr, /) -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void serial_free(serial_t* serial)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_baudrate(serial: intptr, baudrate: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_baudrate(serial_t* serial, uint32_t* baudrate)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_databits(serial: intptr, databits: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_databits(serial_t* serial, unsigned* databits)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_parity(serial: intptr, parity: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_parity(serial_t* serial, serial_parity_t* parity)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_stopbits(serial: intptr, stopbits: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_stopbits(serial_t* serial, unsigned* stopbits)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_xonxoff(serial: intptr, xonxoff: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_xonxoff(serial_t* serial, bool* xonxoff)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_rtscts(serial: intptr, rtscts: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_rtscts(serial_t* serial, bool* rtscts)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_vmin(serial: intptr, vmin: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_vmin(serial_t* serial, unsigned* vmin)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_get_vtime(serial: intptr, vtime: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_get_vtime(serial_t* serial, float* vtime)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_baudrate(serial: intptr, baudrate: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_baudrate(serial_t* serial, uint32_t baudrate)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_databits(serial: intptr, databits: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_databits(serial_t* serial, unsigned databits)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_parity(serial: intptr, parity: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_parity(serial_t* serial, serial_parity_t parity)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_stopbits(serial: intptr, stopbits: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_stopbits(serial_t* serial, unsigned stopbits)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_xonxoff(serial: intptr, enabled: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_xonxoff(serial_t* serial, bool enabled)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_rtscts(serial: intptr, enabled: bool, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_rtscts(serial_t* serial, bool enabled)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_vmin(serial: intptr, vmin: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_vmin(serial_t* serial, unsigned vmin)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_set_vtime(serial: intptr, vtime: float, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_set_vtime(serial_t* serial, float vtime)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_fd(serial: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_fd(serial_t* serial)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_tostring(serial: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_tostring(serial_t* serial, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_errno(serial: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int serial_errno(serial_t* serial)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def serial_errmsg(serial: intptr, /) -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* serial_errmsg(serial_t* serial)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_new() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `spi_t* spi_new()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_open(spi: intptr, path: str, mode: int, max_speed: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_open(spi_t* spi, const char* path, unsigned mode, uint32_t max_speed)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_open_advanced(spi: intptr, path: str, mode: int, max_speed: int, bit_order: int, bits_per_word: int, extra_flags: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_open_advanced(spi_t* spi, const char* path, unsigned mode, uint32_t max_speed, spi_bit_order_t bit_order, uint8_t bits_per_word, uint8_t extra_flags)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_open_advanced2(spi: intptr, path: str, mode: int, max_speed: int, bit_order: int, bits_per_word: int, extra_flags: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_open_advanced2(spi_t* spi, const char* path, unsigned mode, uint32_t max_speed, spi_bit_order_t bit_order, uint8_t bits_per_word, uint32_t extra_flags)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_transfer(spi: intptr, txbuf: intptr, rxbuf: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_transfer(spi_t* spi, const uint8_t* txbuf, uint8_t* rxbuf, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_transfer_advanced(spi: intptr, msgs: intptr, count: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_transfer_advanced(spi_t* spi, const spi_msg_t* msgs, size_t count)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_close(spi: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_close(spi_t* spi)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_free(spi: intptr, /) -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `void spi_free(spi_t* spi)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_get_mode(spi: intptr, mode: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_get_mode(spi_t* spi, unsigned* mode)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_get_max_speed(spi: intptr, max_speed: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_get_max_speed(spi_t* spi, uint32_t* max_speed)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_get_bit_order(spi: intptr, bit_order: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_get_bit_order(spi_t* spi, spi_bit_order_t* bit_order)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_get_bits_per_word(spi: intptr, bits_per_word: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_get_bits_per_word(spi_t* spi, uint8_t* bits_per_word)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_get_extra_flags(spi: intptr, extra_flags: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_get_extra_flags(spi_t* spi, uint8_t* extra_flags)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_get_extra_flags32(spi: intptr, extra_flags: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_get_extra_flags32(spi_t* spi, uint32_t* extra_flags)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_set_mode(spi: intptr, mode: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_set_mode(spi_t* spi, unsigned mode)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_set_max_speed(spi: intptr, max_speed: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_set_max_speed(spi_t* spi, uint32_t max_speed)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_set_bit_order(spi: intptr, bit_order: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_set_bit_order(spi_t* spi, spi_bit_order_t bit_order)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_set_bits_per_word(spi: intptr, bits_per_word: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_set_bits_per_word(spi_t* spi, uint8_t bits_per_word)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_set_extra_flags(spi: intptr, extra_flags: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_set_extra_flags(spi_t* spi, uint8_t extra_flags)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_set_extra_flags32(spi: intptr, extra_flags: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_set_extra_flags32(spi_t* spi, uint32_t extra_flags)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_fd(spi: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_fd(spi_t* spi)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_tostring(spi: intptr, str: intptr, len: int, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_tostring(spi_t* spi, char* str, size_t len)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_errno(spi: intptr, /) -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `int spi_errno(spi_t* spi)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def spi_errmsg(spi: intptr, /) -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* spi_errmsg(spi_t* spi)`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def periphery_version() -&gt; str:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const char* periphery_version()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def periphery_version_info() -&gt; intptr:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Wraps `const periphery_version_t* periphery_version_info()`&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+# aliases
 
+gpio_direction_t = int
 
+gpio_edge_t = int
 
+gpio_event_clock_t = int
 
+gpio_bias_t = int
 
+gpio_drive_t = int
 
+pwm_polarity_t = int
 
+serial_parity_t = int
 
+spi_bit_order_t = int
 
+# enums
 
+GPIO_ERROR_ARG: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_OPEN: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_NOT_FOUND: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_QUERY: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_CONFIGURE: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_IO: int
 
+GPIO_ERROR_CLOSE: int
 
+GPIO_DIR_IN: int
 
+GPIO_DIR_OUT: int
 
+GPIO_DIR_OUT_LOW: int
 
+GPIO_DIR_OUT_HIGH: int
 
+GPIO_EDGE_NONE: int
 
+GPIO_EDGE_RISING: int
 
+GPIO_EDGE_FALLING: int
 
+GPIO_EDGE_BOTH: int
 
+GPIO_EVENT_CLOCK_REALTIME: int
 
+GPIO_EVENT_CLOCK_MONOTONIC: int
 
+GPIO_EVENT_CLOCK_HTE: int
 
+GPIO_BIAS_DEFAULT: int
 
+GPIO_BIAS_PULL_UP: int
 
+GPIO_BIAS_PULL_DOWN: int
 
+GPIO_BIAS_DISABLE: int
 
+GPIO_DRIVE_DEFAULT: int
 
+GPIO_DRIVE_OPEN_DRAIN: int
 
+GPIO_DRIVE_OPEN_SOURCE: int
 
+LED_ERROR_ARG: int
 
+LED_ERROR_OPEN: int
 
+LED_ERROR_QUERY: int
 
+LED_ERROR_IO: int
 
+LED_ERROR_CLOSE: int
 
+MMIO_ERROR_ARG: int
 
+MMIO_ERROR_OPEN: int
 
+MMIO_ERROR_CLOSE: int
 
+PWM_ERROR_ARG: int
 
+PWM_ERROR_OPEN: int
 
+PWM_ERROR_QUERY: int
 
+PWM_ERROR_CONFIGURE: int
 
+PWM_ERROR_CLOSE: int
 
+PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL: int
 
+PWM_POLARITY_INVERSED: int
 
+SERIAL_ERROR_ARG: int
 
+SERIAL_ERROR_OPEN: int
 
+SERIAL_ERROR_QUERY: int
 
+SERIAL_ERROR_CONFIGURE: int
 
+SERIAL_ERROR_IO: int
 
+SERIAL_ERROR_CLOSE: int
 
+PARITY_NONE: int
 
+PARITY_ODD: int
 
+PARITY_EVEN: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_ARG: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_OPEN: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_QUERY: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_CONFIGURE: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_TRANSFER: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_CLOSE: int
 
+SPI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED: int
 
+MSB_FIRST: int
 
+LSB_FIRST: int</code></pre>
 
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+<h1 id="pickle">pickle</h1>
 
+<h3 id="pickledumpsobj---bytes"><code translate="no" v-pre>pickle.dumps(obj) -&gt; bytes</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the pickled representation of an object as a bytes object.</p>
 
+<h3 id="pickleloadsb-bytes"><code translate="no" v-pre>pickle.loads(b: bytes)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the unpickled object from a bytes object.</p>
 
+<h2 id="what-can-be-pickled-and-unpickled">What can be pickled and unpickled?</h2>
 
+<p>The following types can be pickled:</p>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> None, True, and False;</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> integers, floating-point numbers;</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> strings, bytes;</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> tuples, lists, sets, and dictionaries containing only picklable objects;</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> functions (user-defined) accessible from the top level of a module (using def, not lambda);</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> classes accessible from the top level of a module;</li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> instances of such classes</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<p>The following magic methods are available:</p>
 
+<ul class="contains-task-list">
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>__getnewargs__</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>__getstate__</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>__setstate__</code></li>
 
+<li class="task-list-item"><input disabled="disabled" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <code translate="no" v-pre>__reduce__</code></li>
 
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+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="pkpy">pkpy</h1>
 
+<p>Provide internal access to the pocketpy interpreter.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import Self, Literal
 
+from vmath import vec2, vec2i
 
+
 
+class TValue[T]:
 
+    def __new__(cls, value: T) -&gt; Self: ...
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def value(self) -&gt; T: ...
 
+
 
+# TValue_int = TValue[int]
 
+# TValue_float = TValue[float]
 
+# TValue_vec2i = TValue[vec2i]
 
+# TValue_vec2 = TValue[vec2]
 
+
 
+configmacros: dict[str, int]
 
+
 
+def memory_usage_info() -&gt; str: ...
 
+def memory_usage() -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+def currentvm() -&gt; int:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return the current VM index.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+
 
+def watchdog_begin(timeout: int):
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;Begin the watchdog with `timeout` in milliseconds.
 
+
 
+    `PK_ENABLE_WATCHDOG` must be defined to `1` to use this feature.
 
+    You need to call `watchdog_end()` later.
 
+    If `timeout` is reached, `TimeoutError` will be raised.
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+def watchdog_end() -&gt; None:
 
+    &quot;&quot;&quot;End the watchdog after a call to `watchdog_begin()`.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+def profiler_begin() -&gt; None: ...
 
+def profiler_end() -&gt; None: ...
 
+def profiler_reset() -&gt; None: ...
 
+def profiler_report() -&gt; dict[str, list[list]]: ...
 
+
 
+class ComputeThread:
 
+    def __init__(self, vm_index: Literal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]): ...
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def is_done(self) -&gt; bool:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Check if the current job is done.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def wait_for_done(self) -&gt; None:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Wait for the current job to finish.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def last_error(self) -&gt; str | None: ...
 
+    def last_retval(self): ...
 
+
 
+    def submit_exec(self, source: str) -&gt; None:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Submit a job to execute some source code.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def submit_eval(self, source: str) -&gt; None:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Submit a job to evaluate some source code.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def submit_call(self, eval_src: str, *args, **kwargs) -&gt; None:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Submit a job to call a function with arguments.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def exec(self, source: str) -&gt; None:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Directly execute some source code.&quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    def eval(self, source: str):
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Directly evaluate some source code.&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></pre>
 
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+                    </a><span id="retype-branding-label" class="inline-flex mt-1 px-2 py-1 ml-4 text-xs font-medium leading-none items-center rounded-md bg-branding-label-bg text-branding-label-text ring-1 ring-branding-label-border ring-inset md:inline-block">v2.1.8</span>
 
+                </div>
 
+    
+                <span class="hidden h-8 border-r md:inline-block border-base-border"></span>
 
+            </div>
 
+    
+            <div class="flex justify-between md:grow">
 
+                <!-- Top Nav -->
 
+                <nav id="retype-header-nav" class="hidden md:flex">
 
+                    <ul class="flex flex-col mb-4 md:pl-16 md:mb-0 md:flex-row md:items-center">
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
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+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
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+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Live Examples</span>
 
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+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
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+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
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+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
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+                        <nav>
 
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+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
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+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
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+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
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+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
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+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
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+                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
+
 
+        <div class="grow min-w-0 bg-body-bg">
 
+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
+    <div id="retype-main" class="min-w-0 p-4 grow md:px-16">
 
+        <main class="relative pb-12 lg:pt-2">
 
+            <div class="retype-markdown" id="retype-content">
 
+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
+                <div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
 
+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="sys">sys</h1>
 
+<h3 id="sysversion"><code translate="no" v-pre>sys.version</code></h3>
 
+<p>The version of pkpy.</p>
 
+<h3 id="sysplatform"><code translate="no" v-pre>sys.platform</code></h3>
 
+<p>May be one of:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>win32</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>linux</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>darwin</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>android</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>ios</code></li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>emscripten</code></li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="sysargv"><code translate="no" v-pre>sys.argv</code></h3>
 
+<p>The command line arguments. Set by <code translate="no" v-pre>py_sys_setargv</code>.</p>
 
+<h3 id="syssetrecursionlimitlimit-int"><code translate="no" v-pre>sys.setrecursionlimit(limit: int)</code></h3>
 
+<p>Set the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack to <code translate="no" v-pre>limit</code>. This limit prevents infinite recursion from causing an overflow of the C stack and crashing the interpreter.</p>
 
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+                                    <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Github</span>
 
+                            </a>
 
+                        </li>
 
+                        <li class="mr-6">
 
+                            <a class="py-2 md:mb-0 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                </svg>
 
+                                <span>Discord</span>
 
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+        <doc-sidebar v-cloak>
 
+            <template #sidebar-footer>
 
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+        
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+                        <nav>
 
+                            <ul class="flex flex-wrap justify-center items-center">
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M11.03 2.59a1.501 1.501 0 0 1 1.94 0l7.5 6.363a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .53 1.144V19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-5.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-2v6.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-9.403c0-.44.194-.859.53-1.144ZM12 3.734l-7.5 6.363V19.5h5v-6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v6.25h5v-9.403Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Home</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M9.5 15.584V8.416a.5.5 0 0 1 .77-.42l5.576 3.583a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .842l-5.576 3.584a.5.5 0 0 1-.77-.42Z"/><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12Zm11-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Live Examples</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Github</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+                                <li class="mr-6">
 
+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
 
+                                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mb-px mr-1.5" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
 
+                                            <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"/><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"/>
 
+                                        </svg>
 
+                                        <span>Discord</span>
 
+                                    </a>
 
+                                </li>
 
+        
+                            </ul>
 
+                        </nav>
 
+                    </div>
 
+        
+                    <a class="flex items-center justify-center flex-nowrap h-16 text-gray-350 dark:text-dark-400 hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-dark-300 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in docs-powered-by" target="_blank" href="https://retype.com/" rel="noopener">
 
+                        <span class="text-xs whitespace-nowrap">Powered by</span>
 
+                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-2" fill="currentColor" width="96" height="20" overflow="visible"><path d="M0 0v20h13.59V0H0zm11.15 17.54H2.44V2.46h8.71v15.08zM15.8 20h2.44V4.67L15.8 2.22zM20.45 6.89V20h2.44V9.34z"/><g><path d="M40.16 8.44c0 1.49-.59 2.45-1.75 2.88l2.34 3.32h-2.53l-2.04-2.96h-1.43v2.96h-2.06V5.36h3.5c1.43 0 2.46.24 3.07.73s.9 1.27.9 2.35zm-2.48 1.1c.26-.23.38-.59.38-1.09 0-.5-.13-.84-.4-1.03s-.73-.28-1.39-.28h-1.54v2.75h1.5c.72 0 1.2-.12 1.45-.35zM51.56 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92h4.74v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64zM60.09 7.15v7.48h-2.06V7.15h-2.61V5.36h7.28v1.79h-2.61zM70.81 14.64h-2.06v-3.66l-3.19-5.61h2.23l1.99 3.45 1.99-3.45H74l-3.19 5.61v3.66zM83.99 6.19c.65.55.97 1.4.97 2.55s-.33 1.98-1 2.51-1.68.8-3.04.8h-1.23v2.59h-2.06V5.36h3.26c1.42 0 2.45.28 3.1.83zm-1.51 3.65c.25-.28.37-.69.37-1.22s-.16-.92-.48-1.14c-.32-.23-.82-.34-1.5-.34H79.7v3.12h1.38c.68 0 1.15-.14 1.4-.42zM95.85 5.36V7.2h-4.59v1.91h4.13v1.76h-4.13v1.92H96v1.83h-6.79V5.36h6.64z"/></g></svg>
 
+                    </a>
 
+                </div>
 
+            </template>
 
+        </doc-sidebar>
 
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+            <!-- Render "toolbar" template here on api pages --><!-- Render page content -->
 
+<div class="flex">
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="traceback">traceback</h1>
 
+<h3 id="tracebackprint_exc---none"><code translate="no" v-pre>traceback.print_exc() -&gt; None</code></h3>
 
+<p>Print the last exception and its traceback.</p>
 
+<h3 id="tracebackformat_exc---str"><code translate="no" v-pre>traceback.format_exc() -&gt; str</code></h3>
 
+<p>Return the last exception and its traceback as a string.</p>
 
+
 
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+                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mr-3" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" overflow="visible"><path d="M19 11H7.41l5.29-5.29a.996.996 0 10-1.41-1.41l-7 7a1 1 0 000 1.42l7 7a1.024 1.024 0 001.42-.01.996.996 0 000-1.41L7.41 13H19c.55 0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1z" /><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /></svg>
 
+                            <span>
 
+                                <span class="block text-xs font-normal text-base-text-muted">Previous</span>
 
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+                            <span>
 
+                                <span class="block text-xs font-normal text-right text-base-text-muted">Next</span>
 
+                                <span class="block mt-1">typing</span>
 
+                            </span>
 
+                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-3" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" overflow="visible"><path d="M19.92 12.38a1 1 0 00-.22-1.09l-7-7a.996.996 0 10-1.41 1.41l5.3 5.3H5c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1h11.59l-5.29 5.29a.996.996 0 000 1.41c.19.2.44.3.7.3s.51-.1.71-.29l7-7c.09-.09.16-.21.21-.33z" /><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /></svg>
 
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+        <div class="pl-5">
 
+            <div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            <div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+            <div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+
 
+    <!-- User should be able to hide sidebar right -->
 
+    <doc-sidebar-right v-cloak></doc-sidebar-right>
 
+</div>
 
+
 
+        </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+
 
+    <doc-search-mobile></doc-search-mobile>
 
+    <doc-back-to-top></doc-back-to-top>
 
+</div>
 
+
 
+
 
+    <div id="retype-overlay-target"></div>
 
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+    <script data-cfasync="false">window.__DOCS__ = { "title": "traceback", level: 2, icon: "file", hasPrism: false, hasMermaid: false, hasMath: false, tocDepth: 23 }</script>
 
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+ 358 - 0
modules/typing/index.html
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+<h1 id="typing">typing</h1>
 
+<p>Placeholder module for type hints.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">class _Placeholder:
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
+        pass
 
+    def __getitem__(self, *args):
 
+        return self
 
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
+        return self
 
+    def __and__(self, other):
 
+        return self
 
+    def __or__(self, other):
 
+        return self
 
+    def __xor__(self, other):
 
+        return self
 
+
 
+
 
+_PLACEHOLDER = _Placeholder()
 
+
 
+Sequence = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+List = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Dict = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Tuple = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Set = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Any = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Union = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Optional = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Callable = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Type = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+TypeAlias = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+NewType = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+ClassVar = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+Literal = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+LiteralString = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+Iterable = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Generator = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Iterator = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+Hashable = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+TypeVar = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+Self = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+Protocol = object
 
+Generic = object
 
+Never = object
 
+
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
 
+
 
+# decorators
 
+overload = lambda x: x
 
+final = lambda x: x
 
+
 
+# exhaustiveness checking
 
+assert_never = lambda x: x
 
+
 
+TypedDict = dict
 
+NotRequired = _PLACEHOLDER
 
+
 
+cast = lambda _, val: val</code></pre>
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="vmath">vmath</h1>
 
+<p>Provide vector math operations.</p>
 
+<h4 id="source-code">Source code</h4>
 
+<div id="source-code-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import overload, Iterator
 
+
 
+class _vecF[T]:
 
+    ONE: T
 
+    ZERO: T
 
+
 
+    def __add__(self, other: T) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    def __sub__(self, other: T) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __mul__(self, other: float) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __mul__(self, other: T) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    def __truediv__(self, other: float) -&gt; T: ...
 
+
 
+    def dot(self, other: T) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    def length(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    def length_squared(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    def normalize(self) -&gt; T: ...
 
+
 
+    # dummy iter for unpacking
 
+    def __iter__(self) -&gt; Iterator[float]: ...
 
+
 
+class _vecI[T]:
 
+    ONE: T
 
+    ZERO: T
 
+
 
+    def __add__(self, other: T) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    def __sub__(self, other: T) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __mul__(self, other: int) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __mul__(self, other: T) -&gt; T: ...
 
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: int) -&gt; T: ...
 
+
 
+    def __hash__(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def dot(self, other: T) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    # dummy iter for unpacking
 
+    def __iter__(self) -&gt; Iterator[int]: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+class vec2(_vecF['vec2']):
 
+    LEFT: vec2
 
+    RIGHT: vec2
 
+    UP: vec2
 
+    DOWN: vec2
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def x(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def y(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+
 
+    def with_x(self, x: float) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+    def with_y(self, y: float) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+    def with_z(self, z: float) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, x: float, y: float) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, xy: vec2i) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    def rotate(self, radians: float) -&gt; vec2:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Rotate the vector by `radians`.
 
+
 
+        + If y axis is top to bottom, positive value means clockwise (default)
 
+        + If y axis is bottom to top, positive value means counter-clockwise
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def angle(__from: vec2, __to: vec2) -&gt; float:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Return the angle in radians between vectors `from` and `to`.
 
+
 
+        The result range is `[-pi, pi]`.
 
+
 
+        + If y axis is top to bottom, positive value means clockwise (default)
 
+        + If y axis is bottom to top, positive value means counter-clockwise
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def smooth_damp(current: vec2, target: vec2, current_velocity: vec2, smooth_time: float, max_speed: float, delta_time: float) -&gt; tuple[vec2, vec2]:
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;Smoothly change a vector towards a desired goal over time.
 
+
 
+        Returns a new value that is closer to the target and current velocity.
 
+        &quot;&quot;&quot;
 
+
 
+
 
+class mat3x3:
 
+    def __init__(self, _11, _12, _13, _21, _22, _23, _31, _32, _33) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index: tuple[int, int]) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    def __setitem__(self, index: tuple[int, int], value: float) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __matmul__(self, other: mat3x3) -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __matmul__(self, other: vec3) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+
 
+    def __invert__(self) -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+
 
+    def matmul(self, other: mat3x3, out: mat3x3) -&gt; mat3x3 | None: ...
 
+    def determinant(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+
 
+    def copy(self) -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+    def inverse(self) -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+
 
+    def copy_(self, other: mat3x3) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    def inverse_(self) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def zeros() -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def identity() -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+
 
+    # affine transformations
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def trs(t: vec2, r: float, s: vec2) -&gt; mat3x3: ...
 
+
 
+    def copy_trs_(self, t: vec2, r: float, s: vec2) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+    def t(self) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+    def r(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    def s(self) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+
 
+    def transform_point(self, p: vec2) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+    def transform_vector(self, v: vec2) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+class vec2i(_vecI['vec2i']):
 
+    LEFT: vec2i
 
+    RIGHT: vec2i
 
+    UP: vec2i
 
+    DOWN: vec2i
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def x(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def y(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def with_x(self, x: int) -&gt; vec2i: ...
 
+    def with_y(self, y: int) -&gt; vec2i: ...
 
+
 
+    def __init__(self, x: int, y: int) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+class vec3i(_vecI['vec3i']):
 
+    @property
 
+    def x(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def y(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def z(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def with_x(self, x: int) -&gt; vec3i: ...
 
+    def with_y(self, y: int) -&gt; vec3i: ...
 
+    def with_z(self, z: int) -&gt; vec3i: ...
 
+
 
+    def __init__(self, x: int, y: int, z: int) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+class vec4i(_vecI['vec4i']):
 
+    @property
 
+    def x(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def y(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def z(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def w(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def with_x(self, x: int) -&gt; vec4i: ...
 
+    def with_y(self, y: int) -&gt; vec4i: ...
 
+    def with_z(self, z: int) -&gt; vec4i: ...
 
+    def with_w(self, w: int) -&gt; vec4i: ...
 
+
 
+    def __init__(self, x: int, y: int, z: int, w: int) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+class vec3(_vecF['vec3']):
 
+    @property
 
+    def x(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def y(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def z(self) -&gt; float: ...
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def xy(self) -&gt; vec2: ...
 
+
 
+    def with_x(self, x: float) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+    def with_y(self, y: float) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+    def with_z(self, z: float) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+    def with_xy(self, xy: vec2) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, x: float, y: float, z: float) -&gt; None: ...
 
+    @overload
 
+    def __init__(self, xyz: vec3i) -&gt; None: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+# Color32
 
+class color32:
 
+    def __new__(cls, r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -&gt; bool: ...
 
+    def __repr__(self) -&gt; str: ...
 
+    def __hash__(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    @property
 
+    def r(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def g(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def b(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+    @property
 
+    def a(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def with_r(self, r: int) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+    def with_g(self, g: int) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+    def with_b(self, b: int) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+    def with_a(self, a: int) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def from_hex(hex: str) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def from_vec3(vec: vec3) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def from_vec3i(vec: vec3i) -&gt; 'color32': ...
 
+
 
+    def to_hex(self) -&gt; str: ...
 
+    def to_vec3(self) -&gt; vec3: ...
 
+    def to_vec3i(self) -&gt; vec3i: ...
 
+
 
+    def to_rgb565(self) -&gt; int: ...
 
+
 
+    def ansi_fg(self, text: str) -&gt; str: ...
 
+    def ansi_bg(self, text: str) -&gt; str: ...
 
+
 
+    @staticmethod
 
+    def alpha_blend(src: color32, dst: color32 | None) -&gt; color32: ...
 
+
 
+
 
+def rgb(r: int, g: int, b: int) -&gt; color32: ...
 
+def rgba(r: int, g: int, b: int, a: float) -&gt; color32: ...</code></pre>
 
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+<h1 id="performance">Performance</h1>
 
+<p>Currently, pkpy is as fast as cpython 3.9.
 
+Performance results for cpython 3.9 are applicable to for pkpy.</p>
 
+<p>Here is a benchmark result of <code translate="no" v-pre>v1.2.6</code>.
 
+Files are located in <code translate="no" v-pre>benchmarks/</code>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="win32-64-bit-cpy39">win32 64-bit cpy39</h2>
 
+<div id="win32-64-bit-cpy39-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">CPython: 3.9.13 (tags/v3.9.13:6de2ca5, May 17 2022, 16:36:42) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)]
 
+System: 64-bit
 
+Testing directory: benchmarks/
 
+&gt; benchmarks/fib.py
 
+  cpython:  0.986091s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.985427s (99.93%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_0.py
 
+  cpython:  0.515685s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.344132s (66.73%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_1.py
 
+  cpython:  0.938407s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.595634s (63.47%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_2.py
 
+  cpython:  1.188671s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.735259s (61.86%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_3.py
 
+  cpython:  4.957218s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 2.314210s (46.68%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/primes.py
 
+  cpython:  9.146332s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 8.507227s (93.01%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/recursive.py
 
+  cpython:  0.044789s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.031252s (69.78%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/simple.py
 
+  cpython:  0.516624s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.453159s (87.72%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/sort.py
 
+  cpython:  0.929597s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.406802s (43.76%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/sum.py
 
+  cpython:  0.047151s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.031266s (66.31%)
 
+ALL TESTS PASSED</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="linux-64-bit-cpy38">linux 64-bit cpy38</h2>
 
+<div id="linux-64-bit-cpy38-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">CPython: 3.8.10 (default, May 26 2023, 14:05:08) [GCC 9.4.0]
 
+System: 64-bit
 
+Testing directory: benchmarks/
 
+&gt; benchmarks/fib.py
 
+  cpython:  0.739547s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.613591s (82.97%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_0.py
 
+  cpython:  0.356003s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.224396s (63.03%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_1.py
 
+  cpython:  0.661924s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.446577s (67.47%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_2.py
 
+  cpython:  0.937243s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.514324s (54.88%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_3.py
 
+  cpython:  3.671752s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 1.876151s (51.10%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/primes.py
 
+  cpython:  7.293947s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 5.427518s (74.41%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/recursive.py
 
+  cpython:  0.021559s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.010227s (47.44%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/simple.py
 
+  cpython:  0.408654s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.265084s (64.87%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/sort.py
 
+  cpython:  0.372539s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.243566s (65.38%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/sum.py
 
+  cpython:  0.021242s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.010113s (47.61%)
 
+ALL TESTS PASSED</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h2 id="linux-32-bit-cpy39">linux 32-bit cpy39</h2>
 
+<div id="linux-32-bit-cpy39-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">CPython: 3.9.18 (main, Aug 26 2023, 11:50:23) [GCC 10.3.1 20211027]
 
+System: 32-bit
 
+Testing directory: benchmarks/
 
+&gt; benchmarks/fib.py
 
+  cpython:  1.967908s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.960947s (48.83%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_0.py
 
+  cpython:  1.063461s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.396626s (37.30%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_1.py
 
+  cpython:  1.563821s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.639663s (40.90%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_2.py
 
+  cpython:  2.626848s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.757444s (28.83%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/loop_3.py
 
+  cpython:  13.428345s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 2.852351s (21.24%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/primes.py
 
+  cpython:  18.174904s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 8.423515s (46.35%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/recursive.py
 
+  cpython:  0.025673s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.012470s (48.57%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/simple.py
 
+  cpython:  1.042090s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.480013s (46.06%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/sort.py
 
+  cpython:  0.989279s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.379171s (38.33%)
 
+&gt; benchmarks/sum.py
 
+  cpython:  0.024227s (100%)
 
+  pocketpy: 0.012477s (51.50%)
 
+ALL TESTS PASSED</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>See <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/actions/runs/6511071423/job/17686074263">actions/runs</a>.</p>
 
+<h2 id="primes-benchmarks">Primes benchmarks</h2>
 
+<p>These are the results of the primes benchmark on Intel i5-12400F, WSL (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS).</p>
 
+<div class="table-wrapper scrollbar overflow-hidden">
 
+<table class="comfortable">
 
+<thead>
 
+<tr>
 
+<th>name</th>
 
+<th>version</th>
 
+<th>time</th>
 
+<th>file</th>
 
+</tr>
 
+</thead>
 
+<tbody>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>c++</td>
 
+<td>gnu++11</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>0.104s ■□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</code></td>
 
+<td><a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.cpp">benchmarks/primes.cpp</a></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>lua</td>
 
+<td>5.3.3</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>1.576s ■■■■■■■■■□□□□□□□</code></td>
 
+<td><a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.lua">benchmarks/primes.lua</a></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>pkpy</td>
 
+<td>1.2.7</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>2.385s ■■■■■■■■■■■■■□□□</code></td>
 
+<td><a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.py">benchmarks/primes.py</a></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+<tr>
 
+<td>cpython</td>
 
+<td>3.8.10</td>
 
+<td><code translate="no" v-pre>2.871s ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■</code></td>
 
+<td><a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.py">benchmarks/primes.py</a></td>
 
+</tr>
 
+</tbody>
 
+</table>
 
+</div>
 
+<div id="primes-benchmarks-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-bash"><code v-pre class="language-bash">$ time lua benchmarks/primes.lua 
+
 
+real    0m1.576s
 
+user    0m1.514s
 
+sys     0m0.060s
 
+$ time ./main benchmarks/primes.py 
+
 
+real    0m2.385s
 
+user    0m2.247s
 
+sys     0m0.100s
 
+$ time python benchmarks/primes.py 
+
 
+real    0m2.871s
 
+user    0m2.798s
 
+sys     0m0.060s</code></pre>
 
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+                                        </svg>
 
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+                                        <span>Live Demo</span>
 
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+                                    <a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/" target="_blank">
 
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+                <!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
 
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+                <!-- Page content  -->
 
+<h1 id="quick-start">Quick Start</h1>
 
+<p>You have two options to integrate pkpy into your project.</p>
 
+<h4 id="use-cmake-recommended">Use CMake (Recommended)</h4>
 
+<p>Clone the whole repository as a submodule into your project,
 
+In your CMakelists.txt, add the following lines:</p>
 
+<div id="use-cmake-recommended-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-cmake"><code v-pre class="language-cmake">add_subdirectory(pocketpy)
 
+target_link_libraries(&lt;your_target&gt; pocketpy)</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<p>See <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt">CMakeLists.txt</a> for details.</p>
 
+<p>It is safe to use <code translate="no" v-pre>main</code> branch in production if CI badge is green.</p>
 
+<h4 id="use-the-single-header-file">Use the single header file</h4>
 
+<p>Download the <code translate="no" v-pre>pocketpy.h</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>pocketpy.c</code> on our <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/releases">GitHub Release</a> page.
 
+And <code translate="no" v-pre>#include</code> it in your project.</p>
 
+<h3 id="compile-flags">Compile flags</h3>
 
+<p>To compile it with your project, these flags must be set:</p>
 
+<ul>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>--std=c11</code> flag must be set</li>
 
+<li>For MSVC, <code translate="no" v-pre>/utf-8</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>/experimental:c11atomics</code> flag must be set</li>
 
+<li><code translate="no" v-pre>NDEBUG</code> macro should be defined for release build, or you will get poor performance</li>
 
+</ul>
 
+<h3 id="get-prebuilt-binaries">Get prebuilt binaries</h3>
 
+<p>We have prebuilt binaries,
 
+check them out on our <a href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/actions/workflows/main.yml">GitHub Actions</a>.</p>
 
+<p>You can download an artifact there which contains the following files.</p>
 
+<div id="get-prebuilt-binaries-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">├── android
 
+│   ├── arm64-v8a
 
+│   │   └── libpocketpy.so
 
+│   ├── armeabi-v7a
 
+│   │   └── libpocketpy.so
 
+│   └── x86_64
 
+│       └── libpocketpy.so
 
+├── ios
 
+│   └── libpocketpy.a
 
+├── linux
 
+│   └── x86_64
 
+│       ├── libpocketpy.so
 
+│       └── main
 
+└── windows
 
+    └── x86_64
 
+        ├── main.exe
 
+        └── pocketpy.dll</code></pre>
 
+</doc-codeblock></div>
 
+<h3 id="example">Example</h3>
 
+<div id="example-code-1" class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
 
+<pre translate="no" class="language-c"><code v-pre class="language-c">#include &quot;pocketpy.h&quot;
 
+#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
 
+
 
+static bool int_add(int argc, py_Ref argv) {
 
+    PY_CHECK_ARGC(2);
 
+    PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(0, tp_int);
 
+    PY_CHECK_ARG_TYPE(1, tp_int);
 
+    py_i64 a = py_toint(py_arg(0));
 
+    py_i64 b = py_toint(py_arg(1));
 
+    py_newint(py_retval(), a + b);
 
+    return true;
 
+}
 
+
 
+int main() {
 
+    // Initialize pocketpy
 
+    py_initialize();
 
+
 
+    // Hello world!
 
+    bool ok = py_exec(&quot;print('Hello world!')&quot;, &quot;&lt;string&gt;&quot;, EXEC_MODE, NULL);
 
+    if(!ok) goto __ERROR;
 
+
 
+    // Create a list: [1, 2, 3]
 
+    py_Ref r0 = py_tmpr0();
 
+    py_newlistn(r0, 3);
 
+    py_newint(py_list_getitem(r0, 0), 1);
 
+    py_newint(py_list_getitem(r0, 1), 2);
 
+    py_newint(py_list_getitem(r0, 2), 3);
 
+
 
+    // Eval the sum of the list
 
+    py_Ref f_sum = py_getbuiltin(py_name(&quot;sum&quot;));
 
+    py_push(f_sum);
 
+    py_pushnil();
 
+    py_push(r0);
 
+    ok = py_vectorcall(1, 0);
 
+    if(!ok) goto __ERROR;
 
+
 
+    printf(&quot;Sum of the list: %d\n&quot;, (int)py_toint(py_retval()));  // 6
 
+
 
+    // Bind native `int_add` as a global variable
 
+    py_newnativefunc(r0, int_add);
 
+    py_setglobal(py_name(&quot;add&quot;), r0);
 
+
 
+    // Call `add` in python
 
+    ok = py_exec(&quot;add(3, 7)&quot;, &quot;&lt;string&gt;&quot;, EVAL_MODE, NULL);
 
+    if(!ok) goto __ERROR;
 
+
 
+    py_i64 res = py_toint(py_retval());
 
+    printf(&quot;Sum of 2 variables: %d\n&quot;, (int)res);  // 10
 
+
 
+    py_finalize();
 
+    return 0;
 
+
 
+__ERROR:
 
+    py_printexc();
 
+    py_finalize();
 
+    return 1;
 
+}</code></pre>
 
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+DO NOT PROCEED WITH THE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLATION OR ANY OTHER USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR ANY
 
+PORTION THEREOF AS YOU HAVE NO RIGHTS TO DO SO. THE SOFTWARE IS PROTECTED BY UNITED STATES
 
+COPYRIGHT LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS, AS WELL AS OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS AND
 
+TREATIES. THE SOFTWARE IS LICENSED, NOT SOLD.
 
+
 
+THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT DESCRIBES YOUR RIGHTS AND RESTRICTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND
 
+ITS COMPONENTS.
 
+
 
+1. DEFINITIONS
 
+
 
+"Application" means any software, application, or elements that Your Designated Users develop using
 
+the Software or Modifications in accordance with this Agreement; provided that any such Application
 
+(i) must have substantially different functionality than the Software, and (ii) must not allow any
 
+third party to use the Software or Modifications, or any portion thereof, for software development
 
+or application development purposes.
 
+
 
+"Designated User" shall mean a single distinct person for whom You have purchased a license to use
 
+the Software, whether such person is an employee acting within the scope of their employment with
 
+You or Your consultant or contractor acting within the scope of the services they provide for You.
 
+A Designated User can be replaced with a new Designated User only after being a Designated User
 
+for a minimum of six (6) months.
 
+
 
+"End User" means an end user of Your Application who acquires a license to such solely for their
 
+own internal use and not for distribution, resale, user interface design, or software development
 
+purposes.
 
+
 
+"Modification" means: a) any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file included in the
 
+original Software or previous Modifications created by You, and/or b) any new file that leverages
 
+any part of the original Software or previous Modifications.
 
+
 
+"Sample Code" means sample source code included with the Software and designated as "sample code,"
 
+"samples," "sample application code," and/or "snippets," and/or found in directories labeled
 
+"samples", "learn", "docs", "examples" or "examples explorer".
 
+
 
+2. LICENSE GRANT
 
+
 
+Subject to the payment of the fee required, and subject to your compliance with all of the terms
 
+and conditions of this Agreement, We grant to You a revocable, non-exclusive, non-transferable and
 
+non-sublicensable license (i) for Designated User(s) to use the Software to create Modifications
 
+and Applications; (ii) for You to distribute the Software and/or Modifications to End Users solely
 
+as integrated into the Applications; and (iii) for End Users to use the Software as integrated into
 
+Your Applications in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 
+
 
+In addition to the other terms contained herein, We grant to You a revocable, non-exclusive,
 
+non-transferable and non-sublicensable license to install and use the Software (the "Free License")
 
+for Your internal evaluation, review, and production purposes. The Free License may contain
 
+restricted functionality. You are explicitly not permitted to distribute the Software to any user
 
+outside the Organization on whose behalf you have undertaken this license. We reserve the right to
 
+terminate Your License at any time in Our absolute and sole discretion. Without the purchase and
 
+inclusion of a License Key, the Software may contain restricted functionality, which from
 
+time-to-time may differ in its limitations. If you wish to remove these restrictions, you are
 
+required to purchase a Retype License Key; otherwise you must leave this limitation intact and not
 
+attempt to modify or circumvent it in any way.
 
+
 
+In addition to the other terms contained herein, in the event You have downloaded or received beta
 
+or pre-release versions of the Software (the "Beta Software") from Us, We grant to You a revocable,
 
+non-exclusive, non-transferable and non-sublicensable license to install and use the Beta Software
 
+strictly for Your internal evaluation and review purposes and not for production purposes (the
 
+"Beta License"). You are explicitly not permitted to distribute the Software to any user outside
 
+the Organization on whose behalf you have undertaken this license. Your rights to use the Beta
 
+Software will immediately terminate upon the earlier of (i) the expiration of the evaluation period
 
+established by Us, or (ii) such time that You purchase a license to a non-evaluation version of the
 
+Software. We reserve the right to terminate Your Beta License at any time in Our absolute and sole
 
+discretion.
 
+
 
+YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT TRIAL AND/OR BETA SOFTWARE MIGHT PLACE WATERMARKS ON OUTPUT, CONTAIN LIMITED
 
+FUNCTIONALITY, FUNCTION FOR A LIMITED PERIOD OF TIME, OR LIMIT THE FUNCTIONALITY OR TIME OF
 
+FUNCTIONING OF ANY OUTPUT. ACCESS TO AND/OR USE OF ANY FILES OR OUTPUT CREATED WITH SUCH SOFTWARE
 
+IS ENTIRELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. WE ARE LICENSING THE SOFTWARE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AT YOUR OWN RISK
 
+AND WE DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY TO YOU OF ANY KIND.
 
+
 
+You may modify the "Sample Code" solely for the purposes of designing, developing and testing Your
 
+own Applications. However, You are permitted to use, copy and redistribute Your modified Sample
 
+Code only if all of the following conditions are met: (a) You include Our copyright notice (if any)
 
+with Your Application, including every location in which any other copyright notice appears in such
 
+Application; and (b) You do not otherwise use Our name, logos or other of Our trademarks to market
 
+Your Application, unless otherwise agree by Us in writing.
 
+
 
+3. OWNERSHIP
 
+
 
+This is a license agreement and not an agreement for sale. We reserve ownership of all intellectual
 
+property rights inherent in or relating to the Software, which include, but are not limited to, all
 
+copyright, patent rights, all rights in relation to registered and unregistered trademarks
 
+(including service marks), confidential information (including trade secrets and know-how) and all
 
+rights other than those expressly granted by this Agreement.
 
+
 
+We may provide You with source code so that You can create Modifications and Applications. While You
 
+retain all rights to any original work authored by You as part of the Modifications, We continue to
 
+own all copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Software.
 
+
 
+You must not remove, obscure or interfere with any copyright, acknowledgment, attribution,
 
+trademark, warning or disclaimer statement affixed to, incorporated in or otherwise applied in
 
+connection with the Software.
 
+
 
+4. PROHIBITED USES
 
+
 
+You may not redistribute the Software or Modifications other than by including the Software or a
 
+portion thereof within Your Application. You may not redistribute the Software or Modifications as
 
+part of any Application that can be described as a development toolkit or library, an application
 
+builder, a website builder or any Application that is intended for use by software, application, or
 
+website developers or designers. You may not redistribute any part of the Software documentation.
 
+You may not change or remove the copyright notice from any of the files included in the Software or
 
+Modifications.
 
+
 
+UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY YOU USE THE SOFTWARE FOR AN APPLICATION THAT IS INTENDED FOR SOFTWARE OR
 
+APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PURPOSES.
 
+
 
+UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY YOU USE THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE SOURCE CODE
 
+THEREOF) AS THE BASIS FOR OR IN CONNECTION WITH A PRODUCT THAT CONTAINS THE SAME, OR SUBSTANTIALLY
 
+THE SAME, FUNCTIONALITY AS THE SOFTWARE.
 
+
 
+You are required to ensure that the Software is not reused by or with any applications other than
 
+those with which You distribute it as permitted herein. For example, if You install the Software on
 
+a customer's server, that customer is not permitted to use the Software independently of Your
 
+Application, and must be informed as such.
 
+
 
+5. TERMINATION
 
+
 
+This Agreement and Your right to use the Software and Modifications will terminate immediately if
 
+You fail to comply with any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Upon termination, You
 
+agree to immediately cease using and destroy the Software or Modifications, including all
 
+accompanying documents. The provisions of sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 will survive any
 
+termination of this Agreement.
 
+
 
+6. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES
 
+
 
+TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, WE AND OUR RESELLERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND
 
+CONDITIONS, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, WITH REGARD TO
 
+THE SOFTWARE. WE DO NOT GUARANTEE THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE OR THE CODE IT PRODUCES WILL
 
+BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE, AND YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT IT IS NOT TECHNICALLY PRACTICABLE FOR US
 
+TO DO SO.
 
+
 
+7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES
 
+
 
+TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL WE OR OUR RESELLERS BE LIABLE
 
+UNDER ANY LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 
+WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS
 
+INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LAW) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR
 
+INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE OR THE CODE IT PRODUCES OR ANY OTHER SUBJECT MATTER RELATING TO THIS
 
+AGREEMENT, EVEN IF WE OR OUR RESELLERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN ANY
 
+CASE, OUR ENTIRE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ANY SUBJECT MATTER RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE
 
+LIMITED TO THE GREATER OF (I) THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE OR (II) ONE HUNDRED
 
+DOLLARS ($100).
 
+
 
+8. PAYMENT AND TAXES
 
+
 
+If credit has been extended to You by Us, all payments under this Agreement are due within thirty
 
+(30) days of the date We mail an invoice to You. If We have not extended credit to You, You shall
 
+be required to make payment concurrent with the delivery of the Software by Us. Any value added
 
+tax, use tax, sales tax or similar tax ("Transaction Taxes") shall be your sole responsibility.
 
+Each party shall pay all taxes (including, but not limited to, taxes based upon its income) or
 
+levies imposed on it under applicable laws, regulations and tax treaties as a result of this
 
+Agreement and any payments made hereunder (including those required to be withheld or deducted
 
+from payments); provided that You shall be responsible for all Transactions Taxes and shall pay or
 
+reimburse Us for the same upon invoice. Each party shall furnish evidence of such paid taxes as is
 
+sufficient to enable the other party to obtain any credits available to it, including original
 
+withholding tax certificates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Software ordered through Our resellers
 
+is subject to the fees and payment terms set forth on the applicable reseller invoice.
 
+
 
+9. MISCELLANEOUS
 
+
 
+The license granted herein applies only to the version of the Software available when purchased in
 
+connection with the terms of this Agreement, and to any updates and/or upgrades to which you may be
 
+entitled. Any previous or subsequent license granted to You for use of the Software shall be
 
+governed by the terms and conditions of the agreement entered in connection with purchase or
 
+download of that version of the Software. You agree that you will comply with all applicable laws
 
+and regulations with respect to the Software, including without limitation all export and re-export
 
+control laws and regulations.
 
+
 
+While redistributing the Software or Modifications thereof as part of Your Application, You may
 
+choose to offer acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or
 
+rights consistent with this Agreement. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on
 
+Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on our behalf. You shall indemnify Us and our
 
+resellers, or at Our option, defend Us and our resellers against any claim, suit or proceeding
 
+brought against Us or our resellers (i) arising by reason of Your accepting any such support,
 
+warranty, indemnity or additional liability; or (ii) arising out of the use, reproduction or
 
+distribution of Your Application, except to the extent such claim is solely based on the inclusion
 
+of the Software therein. Further, You agree only to distribute the Software pursuant to an
 
+enforceable written agreement for Our benefit that includes all the limitations and restrictions of
 
+this Agreement and is as protective of Us and Software as is this Agreement. For clarity, You must
 
+purchase Designated User licenses for each contractor or consultant who uses the Software to create
 
+an Application on your behalf (including system integrators), whether or not such contractor or
 
+consultant has its own license to the Software.
 
+
 
+You agree to be identified as a customer of ours and You agree that We may refer to You by name,
 
+trade name and trademark, if applicable, and may briefly describe Your business in our marketing
 
+materials and web site.
 
+
 
+You may not assign or transfer this Agreement without Our prior written consent. This Agreement
 
+may be assigned by Us in whole or part and will inure to the benefit of Our successors and
 
+assigns. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in any instance in which You transfer ownership of an
 
+Application on a work for hire basis, You may assign licenses for the total Designated Users that
 
+have used the Software to develop said Application under this Agreement to another party (Assignee)
 
+provided (i) you provide written notice to Us prior to the effective date of such assignment; and
 
+(ii) there is a written agreement, wherein the Assignee accepts the terms of this Agreement. Upon
 
+any such transfer, the Assignee may appoint new Designated Users.
 
+
 
+You acknowledge that this Agreement is complete and is the exclusive representation of our 
+agreement. No oral or written information given by Us, Our resellers, or otherwise on Our behalf 
+shall create a warranty or collateral contract, or in any way increase the scope of this Agreement
 
+in any way, and You may not rely on any such oral or written information. No term or condition 
+contained in any purchase order shall have any force or effect.
 
+
 
+There are no implied licenses or other implied rights granted under this Agreement, and all rights,
 
+save for those expressly granted hereunder, shall remain with Us and our licensors. In addition, no
 
+licenses or immunities are granted to the combination of the Software and/or Modifications, as
 
+applicable, with any other software or hardware not delivered by Us or Our resellers to You under
 
+this Agreement. Your rights under this Agreement apply only to Software, Modifications, and/or
 
+Applications for which all Designated Users are duly licensed hereunder.
 
+
 
+If any provision in this Agreement shall be determined to be invalid, such provision shall be 
+deemed omitted; the remainder of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect. If any
 
+remedy provided is determined to have failed for its essential purpose, all limitations of
 
+liability and exclusions of damages set forth in this Agreement shall remain in effect.
 
+
 
+This Agreement may be modified only by a written instrument signed by an authorized representative
 
+of each party. The failure of either party to enforce any provision of this Agreement may not be
 
+deemed a waiver of that or any other provision of this Agreement.
 
+
 
+This Agreement is governed by the law of the Province of Alberta, Canada and all parties
 
+irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Province of Alberta and further agree
 
+to commence any litigation which may arise hereunder in the courts located in the judicial district
 
+of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
 
+
 
+If the Software or any related documentation is licensed to the U.S. Government or any agency
 
+thereof, it will be considered to be "commercial computer software" or "commercial computer
 
+software documentation," as those terms are used in 48 CFR § 12.212 or 48 CFR § 227.7202, and is
 
+being licensed with only those rights as are granted to all other licensees as set forth in this
 
+Agreement.
 
+
 
+                     Copyright 2008-2021 Object.NET, Inc., All rights reserved.
 
+                  
+                                       Object.NET, Inc.
 
+                                       +1(888)775-5888
 
+                                     licensing@object.net
 
+                                          object.net

+ 37 - 0
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+/*!
 
+ * clipboard.js v2.0.11
 
+ * https://clipboardjs.com/
 
+ *
 
+ * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha
 
+ */
 
+
 
+/*!
 
+Turbo 8.0.23
 
+Copyright © 2026 37signals LLC
 
+ */
 
+
 
+/*! MIT License. Copyright 2015-2018 Richard Moore <me@ricmoo.com>. See LICENSE.txt. */
 
+
 
+/**
 
+* @vue/compiler-dom v3.5.28
 
+* (c) 2018-present Yuxi (Evan) You and Vue contributors
 
+* @license MIT
 
+**/
 
+
 
+/**
 
+* @vue/runtime-core v3.5.28
 
+* (c) 2018-present Yuxi (Evan) You and Vue contributors
 
+* @license MIT
 
+**/
 
+
 
+/**
 
+* @vue/runtime-dom v3.5.28
 
+* (c) 2018-present Yuxi (Evan) You and Vue contributors
 
+* @license MIT
 
+**/
 
+
 
+/**
 
+* @vue/shared v3.5.28
 
+* (c) 2018-present Yuxi (Evan) You and Vue contributors
 
+* @license MIT
 
+**/

+ 4 - 0
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+User-agent: *
 
+Allow: /
 
+
 
+Sitemap: https://pocketpy.dev/sitemap.xml.gz

BIN
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+<!-- 
+
 
+Note:
 
+This site was created by modifying code pen https://codepen.io/antonmedv/pen/PoPoGwg
 
+written by 'Anton Medvedev' the license can be found bellow.
 
+
 
+LICENSE
 
+-------
 
+Copyright (c) 2022 by Anton Medvedev (https://codepen.io/antonmedv/pen/PoPoGwg)
 
+
 
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
 
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
 
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
 
+so, subject to the following conditions:
 
+
 
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
+
 
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
+-->
 
+
 
+<!DOCTYPE html>
 
+<html lang="en">
 
+
 
+<head>
 
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
 
+  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 
+
 
+  <script src="static/codejar/codejar.js"></script>
 
+  <script src="static/codejar/linenumbers.js"></script>
 
+  <script src="static/highlight.js/highlight.min.js"></script>
 
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/highlight.js/github-dark-dimmed.min.css">
 
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
 
+
 
+  <style>
 
+    @import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:wght@300&family=PT+Mono&display=swap");
 
+
 
+    .hljs {
 
+      display: block;
 
+      overflow-x: auto;
 
+      padding: .5em;
 
+      background: #282a36
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .hljs-keyword,
 
+    .hljs-selector-tag,
 
+    .hljs-literal,
 
+    .hljs-section,
 
+    .hljs-link {
 
+      color: #73cbde
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .hljs,
 
+    .hljs-subst {
 
+      color: #f8f8f2
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .hljs-string,
 
+    .hljs-title,
 
+    .hljs-name,
 
+    .hljs-type,
 
+    .hljs-attribute,
 
+    .hljs-symbol,
 
+    .hljs-bullet,
 
+    .hljs-addition,
 
+    .hljs-variable,
 
+    .hljs-template-tag,
 
+    .hljs-template-variable {
 
+      color: #f1fa8c
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .hljs-comment,
 
+    .hljs-quote,
 
+    .hljs-deletion,
 
+    .hljs-meta {
 
+      color: #6272a4
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .hljs-keyword,
 
+    .hljs-selector-tag,
 
+    .hljs-literal,
 
+    .hljs-title,
 
+    .hljs-section,
 
+    .hljs-doctag,
 
+    .hljs-type,
 
+    .hljs-name,
 
+    .hljs-strong {
 
+      font-weight: bold
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .hljs-emphasis {
 
+      font-style: italic
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    :root {
 
+      --window-width: 80%;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    body {
 
+      background-color: #778abb;
 
+      font-family: Lato, sans-serif;
 
+      font-weight: 300;
 
+      font-size: 15px;
 
+      margin: 0;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    *,
 
+    *:before,
 
+    *:after {
 
+      box-sizing: border-box;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    *:focus {
 
+      outline: none;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    a,
 
+    a:visited,
 
+    a:active {
 
+      color: black;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    main {
 
+      min-height: 100vh;
 
+      display: flex;
 
+      align-items: center;
 
+      flex-direction: column;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .title {
 
+      color: #fff;
 
+      text-align: center;
 
+      font-weight: 300;
 
+      font-size: 34px;
 
+      margin-top: 20px;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .window {
 
+      width: var(--window-width);
 
+      border-radius: 6px;
 
+      box-shadow: 0 8px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
 
+      overflow: hidden;
 
+      margin-bottom: 20px;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .window .window-header {
 
+      height: 25px;
 
+      background: Gainsboro;
 
+      position: relative;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .window .window-header .action-buttons {
 
+      position: absolute;
 
+      top: 50%;
 
+      left: 10px;
 
+      margin-top: -5px;
 
+      width: 10px;
 
+      height: 10px;
 
+      background: Crimson;
 
+      border-radius: 50%;
 
+      box-shadow: 15px 0 0 Orange, 30px 0 0 LimeGreen;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    #code-editor {
 
+      border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;
 
+      border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;
 
+      box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14), 0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12),
 
+        0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
 
+      font-family: "PT Mono", monospace;
 
+      font-size: 14px;
 
+      font-weight: 400;
 
+      min-height: 300px;
 
+      letter-spacing: normal;
 
+      line-height: 20px;
 
+      padding: 10px;
 
+      resize: none !important;
 
+      tab-size: 4;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    #run-button {
 
+      padding-left: 20px;
 
+      padding-right: 20px;
 
+      padding-bottom: 1px;
 
+      font-weight: bold;
 
+      cursor: pointer;
 
+      background-color: #007bff;
 
+      color: #ffffff;
 
+      border: none;
 
+      border-radius: 4px;
 
+      outline: none;
 
+      user-select: none;
 
+    }
 
+    #run-button:hover,
 
+    #run-button:focus {
 
+      background-color: #0056b3;
 
+      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
 
+    }
 
+    #run-button:active {
 
+      background-color: #004085;
 
+      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
 
+      transform: translateY(1px);
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    #code-editor.hljs {
 
+      padding: 10px;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    #output-wrapper {
 
+      font-family: "PT Mono", monospace;
 
+      width: var(--window-width);
 
+      min-height: 50px;
 
+      background-color: #282a36;
 
+      border-radius: 6px;
 
+      padding: 10px;
 
+      color: white;
 
+      margin: 0 !important;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    #code-output span.error-line {
 
+      color: #ec5424;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .controls {
 
+      font-size: 14px;
 
+      position: absolute;
 
+      top: 50%;
 
+      right: 10px;
 
+      margin-top: -10px;
 
+      display: flex;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .controls>div:first-child>a {
 
+      display: inline-block;
 
+      width: 40px;
 
+    }
 
+
 
+    .features {
 
+      width: 547px;
 
+      font-size: 16px;
 
+      margin-bottom: 30px;
 
+    }
 
+  </style>
 
+
 
+  <title>Try Online</title>
 
+</head>
 
+
 
+<body id="tryonline-body">
 
+
 
+  <main>
 
+    <br>
 
+    <div class="window">
 
+      <div class="window-header">
 
+        <div class="action-buttons"></div>
 
+        <div class="controls">
 
+          <div id="run-button">Run</div>
 
+        </div>
 
+      </div>
 
+      <div class="window-body">
 
+        <div id="code-editor" class="language-python" data-gramm="false"></div>
 
+      </div>
 
+    </div>
 
+    <pre id="output-wrapper"><div id="code-output">...</div></pre>
 
+    <br>
 
+  </main>
 
+
 
+  <script>
 
+    var Module = {
 
+      onRuntimeInitialized: function () {
 
+        Module.ccall('py_initialize', null, [], []);
 
+        console.log("py_initialize() called");
 
+      },
 
+      print: function (text) {
 
+        code_output.innerText += text + '\n';
 
+      },
 
+      onabort: function (what) {
 
+        code_output.innerText += 'Aborted: ' + what + '\n';
 
+        Module.ccall('py_finalize', null, [], []);
 
+        console.log("py_finalize() called");
 
+      }
 
+    };
 
+  </script>
 
+  <script src="lib/pocketpy.js"></script>
 
+  <script>
 
+    let code_editor = document.querySelector('#code-editor');
 
+    let code_output = document.querySelector('#code-output');
 
+    let run_button = document.querySelector('#run-button');
 
+
 
+    code_editor.textContent = '# A recursive fibonacci function.\ndef fib(n):\n  if n < 2:\n    return n\n  return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)\n\n# Prints all fibonacci from 0 to 10 exclusive.\nfor i in range(10):\n  print(f"fib({i}) = {fib(i)}")\n';
 
+
 
+    let highlight = withLineNumbers(function (editor) {
 
+      editor.textContent = editor.textContent;
 
+      hljs.highlightElement(editor);
 
+    });
 
+
 
+    highlight(code_editor);
 
+    CodeJar(code_editor, highlight); //, { indentOn: /[(\[{:]$/});
 
+
 
+    window.onload = function () {
 
+      run_button.onclick = function () {
 
+        code_output.innerText = '';
 
+        const source = code_editor.textContent;
 
+        var ok = Module.ccall(
 
+          'py_exec', 'boolean', ['string', 'string', 'number', 'number'],
 
+          [source, 'main.py', 0, 0]
 
+        );
 
+        console.log("py_exec() called");
 
+        if (!ok) {
 
+          Module.ccall('py_printexc', null, [], []);
 
+          Module.ccall('py_clearexc', null, ['number'], [0]);
 
+        }
 
+      }
 
+    }
 
+
 
+  </script>
 
+
 
+</body>
 
+
 
+</html>

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@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
 
+const globalWindow = window;
 
+function CodeJar(editor, highlight, opt = {}) {
 
+    const options = Object.assign({ tab: '\t', indentOn: /{$/, spellcheck: false, catchTab: true, preserveIdent: true, addClosing: true, history: true, window: globalWindow }, opt);
 
+    const window = options.window;
 
+    const document = window.document;
 
+    let listeners = [];
 
+    let history = [];
 
+    let at = -1;
 
+    let focus = false;
 
+    let callback;
 
+    let prev; // code content prior keydown event
 
+    let isFirefox = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf('firefox') > -1;
 
+    editor.setAttribute('contentEditable', isFirefox ? 'true' : 'plaintext-only');
 
+    editor.setAttribute('spellcheck', options.spellcheck ? 'true' : 'false');
 
+    editor.style.outline = 'none';
 
+    editor.style.overflowWrap = 'break-word';
 
+    editor.style.overflowY = 'auto';
 
+    editor.style.resize = 'vertical';
 
+    editor.style.whiteSpace = 'pre-wrap';
 
+    highlight(editor);
 
+    const debounceHighlight = debounce(() => {
 
+        const pos = save();
 
+        highlight(editor, pos);
 
+        restore(pos);
 
+    }, 30);
 
+    let recording = false;
 
+    const shouldRecord = (event) => {
 
+        return !isUndo(event) && !isRedo(event)
 
+            && event.key !== 'Meta'
 
+            && event.key !== 'Control'
 
+            && event.key !== 'Alt'
 
+            && !event.key.startsWith('Arrow');
 
+    };
 
+    const debounceRecordHistory = debounce((event) => {
 
+        if (shouldRecord(event)) {
 
+            recordHistory();
 
+            recording = false;
 
+        }
 
+    }, 300);
 
+    const on = (type, fn) => {
 
+        listeners.push([type, fn]);
 
+        editor.addEventListener(type, fn);
 
+    };
 
+    on('keydown', event => {
 
+        if (event.defaultPrevented)
 
+            return;
 
+        prev = toString();
 
+        if (options.preserveIdent)
 
+            handleNewLine(event);
 
+        else
 
+            firefoxNewLineFix(event);
 
+        if (options.catchTab)
 
+            handleTabCharacters(event);
 
+        if (options.addClosing)
 
+            handleSelfClosingCharacters(event);
 
+        if (options.history) {
 
+            handleUndoRedo(event);
 
+            if (shouldRecord(event) && !recording) {
 
+                recordHistory();
 
+                recording = true;
 
+            }
 
+        }
 
+    });
 
+    on('keyup', event => {
 
+        if (event.defaultPrevented)
 
+            return;
 
+        if (event.isComposing)
 
+            return;
 
+        if (prev !== toString())
 
+            debounceHighlight();
 
+        debounceRecordHistory(event);
 
+        if (callback)
 
+            callback(toString());
 
+    });
 
+    on('focus', _event => {
 
+        focus = true;
 
+    });
 
+    on('blur', _event => {
 
+        focus = false;
 
+    });
 
+    on('paste', event => {
 
+        recordHistory();
 
+        handlePaste(event);
 
+        recordHistory();
 
+        if (callback)
 
+            callback(toString());
 
+    });
 
+    function save() {
 
+        const s = getSelection();
 
+        const pos = { start: 0, end: 0, dir: undefined };
 
+        visit(editor, el => {
 
+            if (el === s.anchorNode && el === s.focusNode) {
 
+                pos.start += s.anchorOffset;
 
+                pos.end += s.focusOffset;
 
+                pos.dir = s.anchorOffset <= s.focusOffset ? '->' : '<-';
 
+                return 'stop';
 
+            }
 
+            if (el === s.anchorNode) {
 
+                pos.start += s.anchorOffset;
 
+                if (!pos.dir) {
 
+                    pos.dir = '->';
 
+                }
 
+                else {
 
+                    return 'stop';
 
+                }
 
+            }
 
+            else if (el === s.focusNode) {
 
+                pos.end += s.focusOffset;
 
+                if (!pos.dir) {
 
+                    pos.dir = '<-';
 
+                }
 
+                else {
 
+                    return 'stop';
 
+                }
 
+            }
 
+            if (el.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
 
+                if (pos.dir != '->')
 
+                    pos.start += el.nodeValue.length;
 
+                if (pos.dir != '<-')
 
+                    pos.end += el.nodeValue.length;
 
+            }
 
+        });
 
+        return pos;
 
+    }
 
+    function restore(pos) {
 
+        const s = getSelection();
 
+        let startNode, startOffset = 0;
 
+        let endNode, endOffset = 0;
 
+        if (!pos.dir)
 
+            pos.dir = '->';
 
+        if (pos.start < 0)
 
+            pos.start = 0;
 
+        if (pos.end < 0)
 
+            pos.end = 0;
 
+        // Flip start and end if the direction reversed
 
+        if (pos.dir == '<-') {
 
+            const { start, end } = pos;
 
+            pos.start = end;
 
+            pos.end = start;
 
+        }
 
+        let current = 0;
 
+        visit(editor, el => {
 
+            if (el.nodeType !== Node.TEXT_NODE)
 
+                return;
 
+            const len = (el.nodeValue || '').length;
 
+            if (current + len >= pos.start) {
 
+                if (!startNode) {
 
+                    startNode = el;
 
+                    startOffset = pos.start - current;
 
+                }
 
+                if (current + len >= pos.end) {
 
+                    endNode = el;
 
+                    endOffset = pos.end - current;
 
+                    return 'stop';
 
+                }
 
+            }
 
+            current += len;
 
+        });
 
+        // If everything deleted place cursor at editor
 
+        if (!startNode)
 
+            startNode = editor;
 
+        if (!endNode)
 
+            endNode = editor;
 
+        // Flip back the selection
 
+        if (pos.dir == '<-') {
 
+            [startNode, startOffset, endNode, endOffset] = [endNode, endOffset, startNode, startOffset];
 
+        }
 
+        s.setBaseAndExtent(startNode, startOffset, endNode, endOffset);
 
+    }
 
+    function beforeCursor() {
 
+        const s = getSelection();
 
+        const r0 = s.getRangeAt(0);
 
+        const r = document.createRange();
 
+        r.selectNodeContents(editor);
 
+        r.setEnd(r0.startContainer, r0.startOffset);
 
+        return r.toString();
 
+    }
 
+    function afterCursor() {
 
+        const s = getSelection();
 
+        const r0 = s.getRangeAt(0);
 
+        const r = document.createRange();
 
+        r.selectNodeContents(editor);
 
+        r.setStart(r0.endContainer, r0.endOffset);
 
+        return r.toString();
 
+    }
 
+    function handleNewLine(event) {
 
+        if (event.key === 'Enter') {
 
+            const before = beforeCursor();
 
+            const after = afterCursor();
 
+            let [padding] = findPadding(before);
 
+            let newLinePadding = padding;
 
+            // If last symbol is "{" ident new line
 
+            // Allow user defines indent rule
 
+            if (options.indentOn.test(before)) {
 
+                newLinePadding += options.tab;
 
+            }
 
+            // Preserve padding
 
+            if (newLinePadding.length > 0) {
 
+                preventDefault(event);
 
+                event.stopPropagation();
 
+                insert('\n' + newLinePadding);
 
+            }
 
+            else {
 
+                firefoxNewLineFix(event);
 
+            }
 
+            // Place adjacent "}" on next line
 
+            if (newLinePadding !== padding && after[0] === '}') {
 
+                const pos = save();
 
+                insert('\n' + padding);
 
+                restore(pos);
 
+            }
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function firefoxNewLineFix(event) {
 
+        // Firefox does not support plaintext-only mode
 
+        // and puts <div><br></div> on Enter. Let's help.
 
+        if (isFirefox && event.key === 'Enter') {
 
+            preventDefault(event);
 
+            event.stopPropagation();
 
+            if (afterCursor() == '') {
 
+                insert('\n ');
 
+                const pos = save();
 
+                pos.start = --pos.end;
 
+                restore(pos);
 
+            }
 
+            else {
 
+                insert('\n');
 
+            }
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function handleSelfClosingCharacters(event) {
 
+        const open = `([{'"`;
 
+        const close = `)]}'"`;
 
+        const codeAfter = afterCursor();
 
+        const codeBefore = beforeCursor();
 
+        const escapeCharacter = codeBefore.substr(codeBefore.length - 1) === '\\';
 
+        const charAfter = codeAfter.substr(0, 1);
 
+        if (close.includes(event.key) && !escapeCharacter && charAfter === event.key) {
 
+            // We already have closing char next to cursor.
 
+            // Move one char to right.
 
+            const pos = save();
 
+            preventDefault(event);
 
+            pos.start = ++pos.end;
 
+            restore(pos);
 
+        }
 
+        else if (open.includes(event.key)
 
+            && !escapeCharacter
 
+            && (`"'`.includes(event.key) || ['', ' ', '\n'].includes(charAfter))) {
 
+            preventDefault(event);
 
+            const pos = save();
 
+            const wrapText = pos.start == pos.end ? '' : getSelection().toString();
 
+            const text = event.key + wrapText + close[open.indexOf(event.key)];
 
+            insert(text);
 
+            pos.start++;
 
+            pos.end++;
 
+            restore(pos);
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function handleTabCharacters(event) {
 
+        if (event.key === 'Tab') {
 
+            preventDefault(event);
 
+            if (event.shiftKey) {
 
+                const before = beforeCursor();
 
+                let [padding, start,] = findPadding(before);
 
+                if (padding.length > 0) {
 
+                    const pos = save();
 
+                    // Remove full length tab or just remaining padding
 
+                    const len = Math.min(options.tab.length, padding.length);
 
+                    restore({ start, end: start + len });
 
+                    document.execCommand('delete');
 
+                    pos.start -= len;
 
+                    pos.end -= len;
 
+                    restore(pos);
 
+                }
 
+            }
 
+            else {
 
+                insert(options.tab);
 
+            }
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function handleUndoRedo(event) {
 
+        if (isUndo(event)) {
 
+            preventDefault(event);
 
+            at--;
 
+            const record = history[at];
 
+            if (record) {
 
+                editor.innerHTML = record.html;
 
+                restore(record.pos);
 
+            }
 
+            if (at < 0)
 
+                at = 0;
 
+        }
 
+        if (isRedo(event)) {
 
+            preventDefault(event);
 
+            at++;
 
+            const record = history[at];
 
+            if (record) {
 
+                editor.innerHTML = record.html;
 
+                restore(record.pos);
 
+            }
 
+            if (at >= history.length)
 
+                at--;
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function recordHistory() {
 
+        if (!focus)
 
+            return;
 
+        const html = editor.innerHTML;
 
+        const pos = save();
 
+        const lastRecord = history[at];
 
+        if (lastRecord) {
 
+            if (lastRecord.html === html
 
+                && lastRecord.pos.start === pos.start
 
+                && lastRecord.pos.end === pos.end)
 
+                return;
 
+        }
 
+        at++;
 
+        history[at] = { html, pos };
 
+        history.splice(at + 1);
 
+        const maxHistory = 300;
 
+        if (at > maxHistory) {
 
+            at = maxHistory;
 
+            history.splice(0, 1);
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function handlePaste(event) {
 
+        preventDefault(event);
 
+        const text = (event.originalEvent || event)
 
+            .clipboardData
 
+            .getData('text/plain')
 
+            .replace(/\r/g, '');
 
+        const pos = save();
 
+        insert(text);
 
+        highlight(editor);
 
+        restore({ start: pos.start + text.length, end: pos.start + text.length });
 
+    }
 
+    function visit(editor, visitor) {
 
+        const queue = [];
 
+        if (editor.firstChild)
 
+            queue.push(editor.firstChild);
 
+        let el = queue.pop();
 
+        while (el) {
 
+            if (visitor(el) === 'stop')
 
+                break;
 
+            if (el.nextSibling)
 
+                queue.push(el.nextSibling);
 
+            if (el.firstChild)
 
+                queue.push(el.firstChild);
 
+            el = queue.pop();
 
+        }
 
+    }
 
+    function isCtrl(event) {
 
+        return event.metaKey || event.ctrlKey;
 
+    }
 
+    function isUndo(event) {
 
+        return isCtrl(event) && !event.shiftKey && event.key === 'z';
 
+    }
 
+    function isRedo(event) {
 
+        return isCtrl(event) && event.shiftKey && event.key === 'z';
 
+    }
 
+    function insert(text) {
 
+        text = text
 
+            .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
 
+            .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
 
+            .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
 
+            .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
 
+            .replace(/'/g, '&#039;');
 
+        document.execCommand('insertHTML', false, text);
 
+    }
 
+    function debounce(cb, wait) {
 
+        let timeout = 0;
 
+        return (...args) => {
 
+            clearTimeout(timeout);
 
+            timeout = window.setTimeout(() => cb(...args), wait);
 
+        };
 
+    }
 
+    function findPadding(text) {
 
+        // Find beginning of previous line.
 
+        let i = text.length - 1;
 
+        while (i >= 0 && text[i] !== '\n')
 
+            i--;
 
+        i++;
 
+        // Find padding of the line.
 
+        let j = i;
 
+        while (j < text.length && /[ \t]/.test(text[j]))
 
+            j++;
 
+        return [text.substring(i, j) || '', i, j];
 
+    }
 
+    function toString() {
 
+        return editor.textContent || '';
 
+    }
 
+    function preventDefault(event) {
 
+        event.preventDefault();
 
+    }
 
+    function getSelection() {
 
+        var _a;
 
+        if (((_a = editor.parentNode) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.nodeType) == Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
 
+            return editor.parentNode.getSelection();
 
+        }
 
+        return window.getSelection();
 
+    }
 
+    return {
 
+        updateOptions(options) {
 
+            options = Object.assign(Object.assign({}, options), options);
 
+        },
 
+        updateCode(code) {
 
+            editor.textContent = code;
 
+            highlight(editor);
 
+        },
 
+        onUpdate(cb) {
 
+            callback = cb;
 
+        },
 
+        toString,
 
+        save,
 
+        restore,
 
+        recordHistory,
 
+        destroy() {
 
+            for (let [type, fn] of listeners) {
 
+                editor.removeEventListener(type, fn);
 
+            }
 
+        },
 
+    };
 
+}

+ 60 - 0
static/web/static/codejar/linenumbers.js
View File 

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
 
+function withLineNumbers(highlight, options = {}) {
 
+    const opts = Object.assign({ class: "codejar-linenumbers", wrapClass: "codejar-wrap", width: "35px", backgroundColor: "rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.15)", color: "" }, options);
 
+    let lineNumbers;
 
+    return function (editor) {
 
+        highlight(editor);
 
+        if (!lineNumbers) {
 
+            lineNumbers = init(editor, opts);
 
+            editor.addEventListener("scroll", () => lineNumbers.style.top = `-${editor.scrollTop}px`);
 
+        }
 
+        const code = editor.textContent || "";
 
+
 
+        //const linesCount = code.replace(/\n+$/, "\n").split("\n").length + 1;
 
+        const linesCount = code.split("\n").length;
 
+
 
+        let text = "";
 
+        for (let i = 1; i < linesCount; i++) {
 
+            text += `${i}\n`;
 
+        }
 
+        lineNumbers.innerText = text;
 
+    };
 
+}
 
+function init(editor, opts) {
 
+    const css = getComputedStyle(editor);
 
+    const wrap = document.createElement("div");
 
+    wrap.className = opts.wrapClass;
 
+    wrap.style.position = "relative";
 
+    const gutter = document.createElement("div");
 
+    gutter.className = opts.class;
 
+    wrap.appendChild(gutter);
 
+    // Add own styles
 
+    gutter.style.position = "absolute";
 
+    gutter.style.top = "0px";
 
+    gutter.style.left = "0px";
 
+    gutter.style.bottom = "0px";
 
+    gutter.style.width = opts.width;
 
+    gutter.style.overflow = "hidden";
 
+    gutter.style.backgroundColor = opts.backgroundColor;
 
+    gutter.style.color = opts.color || css.color;
 
+    gutter.style.setProperty("mix-blend-mode", "difference");
 
+    // Copy editor styles
 
+    gutter.style.fontFamily = css.fontFamily;
 
+    gutter.style.fontSize = css.fontSize;
 
+    gutter.style.lineHeight = css.lineHeight;
 
+    gutter.style.paddingTop = css.paddingTop;
 
+    gutter.style.paddingLeft = css.paddingLeft;
 
+    gutter.style.borderTopLeftRadius = css.borderTopLeftRadius;
 
+    gutter.style.borderBottomLeftRadius = css.borderBottomLeftRadius;
 
+    // Add line numbers
 
+    const lineNumbers = document.createElement("div");
 
+    lineNumbers.style.position = "relative";
 
+    lineNumbers.style.top = "0px";
 
+    gutter.appendChild(lineNumbers);
 
+    // Tweak editor styles
 
+    editor.style.paddingLeft = `calc(${opts.width} + ${gutter.style.paddingLeft})`;
 
+    editor.style.whiteSpace = "pre";
 
+    // Swap editor with a wrap
 
+    editor.parentNode.insertBefore(wrap, editor);
 
+    wrap.appendChild(editor);
 
+    return lineNumbers;
 
+}

+ 11 - 0
static/web/static/highlight.js/github-dark-dimmed.min.css
View File 

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 
+pre code.hljs{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em}code.hljs{padding:3px 5px}/*!
 
+  Theme: GitHub Dark Dimmed
 
+  Description: Dark dimmed theme as seen on github.com
 
+  Author: github.com
 
+  Maintainer: @Hirse
 
+  Updated: 2021-05-15
 
+
 
+  Colors taken from GitHub's CSS
 
+*/
 
+
 
+.hljs{color:#adbac7;background:#22272e}.hljs-doctag,.hljs-keyword,.hljs-meta .hljs-keyword,.hljs-template-tag,.hljs-template-variable,.hljs-type,.hljs-variable.language_{color:#f47067}.hljs-title,.hljs-title.class_,.hljs-title.class_.inherited__,.hljs-title.function_{color:#dcbdfb}.hljs-attr,.hljs-attribute,.hljs-literal,.hljs-meta,.hljs-number,.hljs-operator,.hljs-selector-attr,.hljs-selector-class,.hljs-selector-id,.hljs-variable{color:#6cb6ff}.hljs-meta .hljs-string,.hljs-regexp,.hljs-string{color:#96d0ff}.hljs-built_in,.hljs-symbol{color:#f69d50}.hljs-code,.hljs-comment,.hljs-formula{color:#768390}.hljs-name,.hljs-quote,.hljs-selector-pseudo,.hljs-selector-tag{color:#8ddb8c}.hljs-subst{color:#adbac7}.hljs-section{color:#316dca;font-weight:700}.hljs-bullet{color:#eac55f}.hljs-emphasis{color:#adbac7;font-style:italic}.hljs-strong{color:#adbac7;font-weight:700}.hljs-addition{color:#b4f1b4;background-color:#1b4721}.hljs-deletion{color:#ffd8d3;background-color:#78191b}

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+ 310 - 0
static/web/static/highlight.js/highlight.min.js


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